Nucleobases
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Nucleobases

CAS 172405-16-2
Catalog BAT-008273
Molecular Weight 269.25
Molecular Formula C11H15N3O5
C(Boc) Acetic acid
CAS 186046-99-1
Catalog BAT-010863
Molecular Weight 293.28
Molecular Formula C12H15N5O4
A(Boc) Acetic acid
CAS 1028077-12-4
Catalog BAT-014361
Molecular Weight 309.28
Molecular Formula C12H15N5O5
G(Boc) Acetic acid
CAS 20924-05-4
Catalog BAT-014362
Molecular Weight 184.15
Molecular Formula C7H8N2O4
T Acetic acid
Catalog BAT-014363
Molecular Weight 336.36
Molecular Formula C15H16N2O5S
thioT(PMB) Acetic acid
CAS 4113-97-7
Catalog BAT-014364
Molecular Weight 170.12
Molecular Formula C6H6N2O4
U Acetic acid
Catalog BAT-014365
Molecular Weight 322.34
Molecular Formula C14H14N2O5S
thioU(PMB) Acetic acid
CAS 1256337-02-6
Catalog BAT-014366
Molecular Weight 252.27
Molecular Formula C12H16N2O4
M(Boc) Acetic acid
CAS 221362-48-7
Catalog BAT-014367
Molecular Weight 269.26
Molecular Formula C11H15N3O5
J(Boc) Acetic acid

The nucleobases are one of the important building blocks for synthesizing peptide nucleic acid (PNA) monomer.

Introduction

Peptide nucleic acid is the third generation of antisense nucleic acid after thiophosphate oligonucleotide (first generation antisense nucleic acid) and hybrid antisense nucleic acid (second generation antisense nucleic acid). Because of its unique physical and chemical properties, hybridization characteristics, and regulation of gene transcription and translation, it has shown a broad application prospect in molecular biology research, cancer and infectious disease gene therapy. PNA is a kind of substance with polypeptide as the backbones, similar to nucleotides and without charge. Its structure is composed of repeated N-(2-aminoethyl) glycine as a unit, which is connected to the base through α-N-acyl methyl.And the nucleobases are connected with the backbones by the methylene carbonyl group.

All four bases are alkylated with amine to form base acetic acid derivatives, which are then combined with unprotected nitrogen on the backbones by common peptide synthesis method.

  • Thymine

The alkylation reaction of thymine usually does not require the use of protective groups, so thymine acetic acid can be obtained by reacting with bromoacetate, saponification or directly reacting with bromoacetic acid.

The other three bases have active groups, which need to be protected first.

  • Cytosine

The active group on cytosine is the amino group at position 4, and the optional protective groups are benzyloxycarbonyl (Cbz), 4-tert-butylbenzoyl (4-t-BuBz), Benzoyl (Bz) and 4-methoxyphenyldiphenylmethyl (Mmt). Then it is alkylated with bromoacetate, and saponify to obtain the derivatives of cytosine acetic acid.

  • Adenine

The protection process of adenine is basically the same as that of cytosine. The available protective groups are Cbz, Mmt and p-methoxyphenyl (An).

The protection of guanine is relatively complex, so it is necessary to avoid the side reaction interference of N7 alkylation in the process of N9 alkylation. A common method is to use 2-amino-6-chloropurine in alkylation, and then backflow under acidic or alkaline conditions after alkylation to hydrolyze chlorine into carbonyl group or directly alkylate N2 adenine with protective group, separate N7/N9 alkylation products by chromatography, and then saponify them to obtain derivatives of guanine acetic acid.

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