4-Nitro-DL-phenylalanine
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4-Nitro-DL-phenylalanine

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Category
DL-Amino Acids
Catalog number
BAT-001645
CAS number
2922-40-9
Molecular Formula
C9H10N2O4
Molecular Weight
210.187
4-Nitro-DL-phenylalanine
IUPAC Name
2-amino-3-(4-nitrophenyl)propanoic acid
Synonyms
DL-Phe(4-NO2)-OH H2O; p-Nitro-DL-phenylalanine hydrate; 2-Amino-3-(4-nitrophenyl)propionic acid hydrate
Appearance
beige powder
Purity
≥ 97% (HPLC)
Density
1.408 g/cm3
Melting Point
236-237ºC(dec.)(lit.)
Boiling Point
414.1ºC at 760 mmHg
Storage
Store at RT
InChI
InChI=1S/C9H10N2O4/c10-8(9(12)13)5-6-1-3-7(4-2-6)11(14)15/h1-4,8H,5,10H2,(H,12,13)
InChI Key
GTVVZTAFGPQSPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Canonical SMILES
C1=CC(=CC=C1CC(C(=O)O)N)[N+](=O)[O-]
1. Effective determination method for a cyanobacterial neurotoxin, beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine
Takuya Kubo, Noriko Kato, Ken Hosoya, Kunimitsu Kaya Toxicon. 2008 Jun 1;51(7):1264-8. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2008.02.015. Epub 2008 Feb 29.
We developed a simple and effective analysis procedure that includes pretreatment and determination methods for beta-N-methylamino-l-alanine (BMAA), a cyanobacterial neurotoxin. BMAA may be produced by all known groups of cyanobacteria living in freshwater as well as marine environments. In this paper, we report a novel determination method for BMAA. A cation-exchange resin was effective for the selective concentration of BMAA from cyanobacterial extracts and yielded a high recovery rate. Moreover, liquid chromatography (LC)-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry with a hydrophilic LC column was effective for determining BMAA levels. The quantitation limit for BMAA based on selected ion monitoring (SIM) was determined as 0.5 ng at a signal/noise ratio of 5.
2. LC-MS/MS determination of the isomeric neurotoxins BMAA (beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine) and DAB (2,4-diaminobutyric acid) in cyanobacteria and seeds of Cycas revoluta and Lathyrus latifolius
Thomas Krüger, Bettina Mönch, Steven Oppenhäuser, Bernd Luckas Toxicon. 2010 Feb-Mar;55(2-3):547-57. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.10.009. Epub 2009 Oct 13.
Since diverse taxa of cyanobacteria has been linked to biosynthesis of BMAA, a controversy has arisen about the detection of neurotoxic amino acids in cyanobacteria. In this context, a novel LC-MS/MS method was developed for the unambiguous determination of beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) and 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB) in cyanobacteria and selected plant seeds. Both neurotoxic and non-proteinogenic amino acids were analyzed without derivatization considering the total concentration of the free and protein-bound form. The investigation of overall 62 cyanobacterial samples of worldwide origin by application of this method revealed the absence of BMAA, whereas seeds of Cycas revoluta contained 6.96 microg g(-1) of free BMAA. In contrast, the isomer DAB was confirmed in 16 cyanobacterial samples in concentrations of 0.07-0.83 microg g(-1),whereof one sample is distributed as nutritional supplement. In addition, seeds of Lathyrus latifolius contained 4.21 microg g(-1) of free DAB. Limits of detection were for BMAA<1.0 microg g(-1) in the cyanobacterial matrix and<0.14 microg g(-1) in angiosperm seeds. DAB exhibits higher sensitivities of <0.06 microg g(-1) in cyanobacteria and <0.008 microg g(-1) in angiosperm seeds. The highly specific analysis method with increased detection sensitivity eliminates the disadvantages of derivatization-based methods to be discussed.
3. Determination of the neurotoxins BMAA (beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine) and DAB (alpha-,gamma-diaminobutyric acid) by LC-MSMS in Dutch urban waters with cyanobacterial blooms
Elisabeth J Faassen, Frits Gillissen, Hans A J Zweers, Miquel Lürling Amyotroph Lateral Scler. 2009;10 Suppl 2:79-84. doi: 10.3109/17482960903272967.
We aimed to determine concentrations of the neurotoxic amino acids beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) and alpha-,gamma-diaminobutyric acid (DAB) in mixed species scum material from Dutch urban waters that suffer from cyanobacterial blooms. BMAA and DAB were analysed in scum material without derivatization by LC-MSMS (liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry) using hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC). Our method showed high selectivity, good recovery of added compounds after sample extraction (86% for BMAA and 85% for DAB), acceptable recovery after sample hydrolysation (70% for BMAA and 56% for DAB) and acceptable precision. BMAA and DAB could be detected at an injected amount of 0.34 pmol. Free BMAA was detected in nine of the 21 sampled locations with a maximum concentration of 42 microg/g DW. Free DAB was detected in two locations with a maximum concentration of 4 microg/g DW. No protein-associated forms were detected. This study is the first to detect underivatized BMAA in cyanobacterial scum material using LC-MSMS. Ubiquity of BMAA in cyanobacteria scums of Dutch urban waters could not be confirmed, where BMAA and DAB concentrations were relatively low; however, co-occurrence with other cyanobacterial neurotoxins might pose a serious health risk including chronic effects from low-level doses.
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