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Exenatide

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Exenatide, naturally occured in the saliva of the Gila monster, an incretin mimetic that has glucoregulatory effect. As a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, it stimulates proliferation of HCAECs through PKA-PI3K/Akt-eNOS activation pathways

Category

Peptide Inhibitors

Catalog number

BAT-010772

CAS number

141758-74-9

Molecular Formula

C184H282N50O60S

Molecular Weight

4186.56

Specification
Reference Reading

IUPAC Name

(4S)-5-[[2-[[(2S,3R)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S,3R)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-5-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S,3S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-4-amino-1-[[2-[[2-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[(2S)-2-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-amino-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]carbamoyl]pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-1,4-dioxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-carboxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-carboxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-4-carboxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-4-carboxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-4-methylsulfanyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1,5-dioxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-carboxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-4-[[2-[[(2S)-2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid

Alternative CAS

141732-76-5

Synonyms

L-Serinamide, L-histidylglycyl-L-α-glutamylglycyl-L-threonyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-threonyl-L-seryl-L-α-aspartyl-L-leucyl-L-seryl-L-lysyl-L-glutaminyl-L-methionyl-L-α-glutamyl-L-α-glutamyl-L-α-glutamyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-L-arginyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-isoleucyl-L-α-glutamyl-L-tryptophyl-L-leucyl-L-lysyl-L-asparaginylglycylglycyl-L-prolyl-L-seryl-L-serylglycyl-L-alanyl-L-prolyl-L-prolyl-L-prolyl-; L-Histidylglycyl-L-α-glutamylglycyl-L-threonyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-threonyl-L-seryl-L-α-aspartyl-L-leucyl-L-seryl-L-lysyl-L-glutaminyl-L-methionyl-L-α-glutamyl-L-α-glutamyl-L-α-glutamyl-L-alanyl-L-valyl-L-arginyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-isoleucyl-L-α-glutamyl-L-tryptophyl-L-leucyl-L-lysyl-L-asparaginylglycylglycyl-L-prolyl-L-seryl-L-serylglycyl-L-alanyl-L-prolyl-L-prolyl-L-prolyl-L-serinamide; Exendin 3 (Heloderma horridum), 2-glycine-3-L-glutamic acid-; Exendin 4 (Heloderma suspectum); AC 2993; AC 2993A; AC 2993LAR; Bydureon; Byetta; DA 3091; EQW; Exatenide; Exenatide LAR; Exendin 4; Exendin-4; ITCA 650; LAEx4; H-His-Gly-Glu-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Leu-Ser-Lys-Gln-Met-Glu-Glu-Glu-Ala-Val-Arg-Leu-Phe-Ile-Glu-Trp-Leu-Lys-Asn-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser-Ser-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser-NH2

Related CAS

141732-76-5 (Deleted CAS) 286014-72-0 (Deleted CAS) 335149-21-8 (Deleted CAS) 914454-01-6 (Acetate)

Appearance

White to Off-white Solid

Sequence

HGEGTFTSDLSKQMEEEAVRLFIEWLKNGGPSSGAPPPS-NH2

Storage

Store at -20°C

Solubility

Soluble in DMSO

Application

Hypoglycemic agents

InChI

InChI=1S/C184H282N50O60S/c1-16-94(10)147(178(289)213-114(52-58-144(257)258)163(274)218-121(73-101-77-195-105-39-24-23-38-103(101)105)168(279)215-116(68-90(2)3)165(276)205-107(41-26-28-61-186)158(269)219-122(75-134(189)243)154(265)198-79-135(244)196-83-139(248)231-63-30-43-129(231)175(286)225-127(87-238)174(285)223-125(85-236)155(266)200-80-136(245)202-96(12)181(292)233-65-32-45-131(233)183(294)234-66-33-46-132(234)182(293)232-64-31-44-130(232)176(287)222-124(84-235)150(190)261)229-170(281)119(71-99-34-19-17-20-35-99)217-166(277)117(69-91(4)5)214-159(270)108(42-29-62-194-184(191)192)212-177(288)146(93(8)9)228-151(262)95(11)203-156(267)111(49-55-141(251)252)208-161(272)112(50-56-142(253)254)209-162(273)113(51-57-143(255)256)210-164(275)115(59-67-295-15)211-160(271)110(47-53-133(188)242)207-157(268)106(40-25-27-60-185)206-172(283)126(86-237)224-167(278)118(70-92(6)7)216-169(280)123(76-145(259)260)220-173(284)128(88-239)226-180(291)149(98(14)241)230-171(282)120(72-100-36-21-18-22-37-100)221-179(290)148(97(13)240)227-138(247)82-199-153(264)109(48-54-140(249)250)204-137(246)81-197-152(263)104(187)74-102-78-193-89-201-102/h17-24,34-39,77-78,89-98,104,106-132,146-149,195,235-241H,16,25-33,40-76,79-88,185-187H2,1-15H3,(H2,188,242)(H2,189,243)(H2,190,261)(H,193,201)(H,196,244)(H,197,263)(H,198,265)(H,199,264)(H,200,266)(H,202,245)(H,203,267)(H,204,246)(H,205,276)(H,206,283)(H,207,268)(H,208,272)(H,209,273)(H,210,275)(H,211,271)(H,212,288)(H,213,289)(H,214,270)(H,215,279)(H,216,280)(H,217,277)(H,218,274)(H,219,269)(H,220,284)(H,221,290)(H,222,287)(H,223,285)(H,224,278)(H,225,286)(H,226,291)(H,227,247)(H,228,262)(H,229,281)(H,230,282)(H,249,250)(H,251,252)(H,253,254)(H,255,256)(H,257,258)(H,259,260)(H4,191,192,194)/t94-,95-,96-,97+,98+,104-,106-,107-,108-,109-,110-,111-,112-,113-,114-,115-,116-,117-,118-,119-,120-,121-,122-,123-,124-,125-,126-,127-,128-,129-,130-,131-,132-,146-,147-,148-,149-/m0/s1

InChI Key

HTQBXNHDCUEHJF-XWLPCZSASA-N

Canonical SMILES

CCC(C)C(C(=O)NC(CCC(=O)O)C(=O)NC(CC1=CNC2=CC=CC=C21)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(CC(=O)N)C(=O)NCC(=O)NCC(=O)N3CCCC3C(=O)NC(CO)C(=O)NC(CO)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(C)C(=O)N4CCCC4C(=O)N5CCCC5C(=O)N6CCCC6C(=O)NC(CO)C(=O)N)NC(=O)C(CC7=CC=CC=C7)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(C)NC(=O)C(CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)C(CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)C(CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)C(CCSC)NC(=O)C(CCC(=O)N)NC(=O)C(CCCCN)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(=O)O)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C(C(C)O)NC(=O)C(CC8=CC=CC=C8)NC(=O)C(C(C)O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)C(CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)C(CC9=CNC=N9)N

1.Site-Specific Fatty Chain-Modified Exenatide Analogs with Balanced Glucoregulatory Activity and Prolonged in vivo Activity.

Sun L1, Huang X2, Han J3, Cai X1, Dai Y1, Chu Y1, Wang C4, Huang W5, Qian H6. Biochem Pharmacol. 2016 May 4. pii: S0006-2952(16)30070-3. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.04.016. [Epub ahead of print]

The therapeutic utility of exenatide (Ex-4) is limited due to short plasma half-life of 2.4 hours and thus numerous approaches have been used to obtain a longer action time. However, such strategies often attend to one thing and lose another. The study aimed to identify a candidate with balanced glucoregulatory activity and prolonged in vivo activity. A series of fatty chain conjugates of Ex-4 were designed and synthesized. First, thirteen cysteine modified peptides (1∼13) were prepared. Peptides 1, 10, and 13 showed improved glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor activate potency and were thus selected for second step modifications to yield conjugates I-1∼I-9. All conjugates retained significant GLP-1 receptor activate potency and more importantly exerted enhanced albumin-binding properties and in vitro plasma stability. The protracted antidiabetic effects of the most stable I-3 were further confirmed by both multiple intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test and hypoglycemic efficacies test in vivo.

2.Exenatide decreases Liver fat content and Epicardial Adipose Tissue in Patients with obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: A prospective randomised clinical trial using Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy.

Dutour A1,2,3, Abdesselam I1,2,4, Ancel P1,2, Kober F2,4, Mrad G1, Darmon P1,2,3, Ronsin O3, Pradel V5, Lesavre N2,6, Martin JC1,2, Jacquier A2,4,7, Lefur Y2,4, Bernard M2,4, Gaborit B1,2,3. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2016 Apr 23. doi: 10.1111/dom.12680. [Epub ahead of print]

AIM: Ectopic adiposity has been associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) complications. Glucagon-like-peptide-1 analogues are currently used in T2D, but no prospective randomized trial has investigated their effect on ectopic fat stores. Research design and methods 44 obese type 2 diabetics uncontrolled on oral-antidiabetic-drugs were randomly assigned to receive Exenatide or reference treatment according to French guidelines. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), myocardial (MTGC), hepatic (HTGC), and pancreatic (PTGC) triglyceride content were assessed 45 minutes after standardized meal with 3 T magnetic resonance imaging and 1 H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy before and after 26 weeks of treatment.

3.Onset of Glycemic and Weight Outcomes in Patients Initiating Exenatide Once Weekly: The Relationship of Exenatide Exposure with Efficacy over the First 24 Weeks of Treatment.

Blevins T1, Ruggles J2, Hardy E3. Diabetes Ther. 2016 May 5. [Epub ahead of print]

INTRODUCTION: Exenatide is gradually released from exenatide once weekly (QW) microspheres, and at steady state, consistently controls glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). This post hoc analysis examined the timing to onset of clinical responses and their correlations with exenatide concentrations after initiation of exenatide QW in patients with T2D.