Fmoc-D-Aph(D-H)-OH

The authors determined the proportion of patients nationwide with septic arthritis of the shoulder who inject drugs, evaluated differences in hospitalization outcomes and charges between patients with and without injection drug use (IDU), and quantified demographic trends among patients with IDU from 2000 to 2013. Nationally representative data of patients with a principal discharge diagnosis of shoulder septic arthritis were obtained from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample 2000-2013. Using published algorithms, the authors classified septic arthritis of the shoulder as related or unrelated to IDU. They compared length of stay, leaving against medical advice, number of procedures, and mortality rates between the 2 groups, using regression models to control for age, sex, and race. Fifteen percent (95% confidence interval [CI], 13.6%-16.5%) of septic arthritis cases were associated with IDU. From 2000 to 2013, shoulder septic arthritis associated with IDU increased 4-fold. After controlling for age, sex, and race, individuals who inject drugs stayed in the hospital for 3.7 more days (95% CI, 2.4-5.0), incurred an average of $13,250 more charges for medical care (95% CI, $2635-$23,866), and were 5.54 times more likely (95% CI, 3.22-9.55) to leave against medical advice than those without IDU. From 2000 to 2013, there was an increase in the proportion of patients with IDU-related septic arthritis of the shoulder between 35 and 54 years old and 55 and 64 years old, and an increase in the proportion who were white. Injection drug use-related shoulder septic arthritis is linked to suboptimal inpatient outcomes and greater resource use. [Orthopedics. 2020;43(4):e270-e277.].

Purpose: Septic arthritis of the knee is an orthopaedic emergency that is associated with marked morbidity and can potentially be life threatening. Surgical debridement can be performed either arthroscopically or via an arthrotomy. The aim of this study was to compare the 30-day complications and adverse outcomes between the two procedures. Methods: Patients with a diagnosis of septic arthritis of the knee between 2011 and 2015 were identified using the ACS-NSQIP database. The study population included 695 patients, who had knee septic arthritis and underwent either an arthroscopic irrigation or debridement (I&D) (n = 464) or open irrigation and debridement (n = 231). Preoperative data included demographics, independent functional status, and comorbidities. Outcomes of interest included wound complications, infectious complications, cardiovascular events, hospital readmissions, and reoperations, or any of the previous adverse events. Results: Both cohorts were similar in most baseline characteristics. Bleeding requiring transfusion was significantly lower in the arthroscopic (n = 13; 3.6%) compared to the open procedure (n = 31; 13.4%; p = 0.0001). Home discharge was significantly higher in the arthroscopic irrigation and debridement group (n = 310; 67.5%) compared to the open group (n = 126; 55%; p = 0.0013). The overall incidence of adverse events was lower in the arthroscopic group (n = 158; 34%) compared to the open group (n = 112; 49%; p = 0.0002). There was no difference in rates of infectious complications, thromboembolic events, hospital readmission, reoperation, or mortality between the groups. Open irrigation and debridement was associated with higher risk of bleeding requiring transfusion (OR = 3.79; 95% CI: 2.02-7.13; p = 0.0001), higher risk of incidence of adverse events (OR = 1.46; 95% CI: 1.02-2.08; p = 0.039), and lower home discharge (OR = 3.79; 95% CI: 2.02-7.13; p = 0.0001) within 30 days after the procedure. Conclusion: Arthroscopic irrigation and debridement demonstrated favourable short-term outcomes. Patients who underwent arthroscopic irrigation and debridement had lower rates of blood transfusions, lower rates of adverse events, and higher home discharge rates compared to open irrigation and debridement. This study is the largest analysis comparing arthroscopic vs. open irrigation and debridement in a national database sample. These findings conclude that arthroscopic debridement can be an alternative first-line option in managing septic arthritis. Level of evidence: III.