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Application Area

Fmoc-D-HomoArg-OH HCl

* Please kindly note that our products are not to be used for therapeutic purposes and cannot be sold to patients.

Category

Fmoc-Amino Acids

Catalog number

BAT-001921

CAS number

1998701-39-5

Molecular Formula

C22H26N4O4·HCl

Molecular Weight

446.9

IUPAC Name

(2R)-6-(diaminomethylideneamino)-2-(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonylamino)hexanoic acid;hydrochloride

InChI

InChI=1S/C22H26N4O4.ClH/c23-21(24)25-12-6-5-11-19(20(27)28)26-22(29)30-13-18-16-9-3-1-7-14(16)15-8-2-4-10-17(15)18;/h1-4,7-10,18-19H,5-6,11-13H2,(H,26,29)(H,27,28)(H4,23,24,25);1H/t19-;/m1./s1

InChI Key

CIHMGZUUYMRKGJ-FSRHSHDFSA-N

Canonical SMILES

C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(C3=CC=CC=C32)COC(=O)NC(CCCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)O.Cl

Fmoc-D-HomoArg-OH HCl, a specialized amino acid derivative crucial in peptide synthesis and research, holds a multitude of applications in various fields.

Peptide Synthesis: Embracing Fmoc-D-HomoArg-OH HCl in solid-phase peptide synthesis enables the incorporation of unique D-arginine-like residues into peptide chains, imparting specific structural and functional characteristics to the final peptide product. This versatility proves invaluable in crafting peptides for diverse applications in drug discovery, biochemistry, and immunology, pushing the boundaries of peptide design and function.

Antimicrobial Peptide Development: By harnessing the power of Fmoc-D-HomoArg-OH HCl, researchers are delving into the creation of antimicrobial peptides tailored to combat a spectrum of infections caused by bacteria, fungi, and viruses. The integration of D-amino acids like D-homoarginine enhances the stability and bioavailability of these peptides, potentially unlocking more potent therapeutic agents. These peptides find utility in clinical settings and as preservatives in pharmaceutical formulations, showcasing their versatility and efficacy.

Structural Biology Studies: The utilization of Fmoc-D-HomoArg-OH HCl in peptide design revolutionizes structural biology research by enabling the generation of peptides with distinct conformational features. These modified peptides serve as valuable tools for investigating protein-protein interactions, enzyme mechanisms, and receptor binding dynamics, offering crucial insights into molecular-level biological processes. Researchers leverage these peptides in techniques such as crystallography and NMR to unravel the complexities of molecular interactions and functions.

Drug Delivery Systems: In the realm of drug delivery innovation, Fmoc-D-HomoArg-OH HCl plays a pivotal role in developing advanced drug delivery systems, including peptide-based carriers tailored for targeted therapies. Engineered with modifications enabled by Fmoc-D-HomoArg-OH HCl, these peptides enhance cellular uptake, stability, and controlled release of therapeutic payloads, particularly significant in the domain of oncology. Targeted delivery holds the promise of enhancing the efficacy and diminishing the adverse effects of anticancer treatments, showcasing the transformative potential of tailored drug delivery solutions.

1. Standardized Hybrid Closed-Loop System Reporting

Viral N Shah, Satish K Garg Diabetes Technol Ther. 2021 May;23(5):323-331. doi: 10.1089/dia.2020.0622. Epub 2020 Nov 25.

The hybrid closed-loop (HCL) system has been shown to improve glycemic control and reduce hypoglycemia. Optimization of HCL settings requires interpretation of the glucose, insulin, and factors affecting glucose such as food intake and exercise. To the best of our knowledge, there is no published guidance on the standardized reporting of HCL systems. Standardization of HCL reporting would make interpretation of data easy across different systems. We reviewed the literature on patient and provider perspectives on downloading and reporting glucose metric preferences. We also incorporated international consensus on standardized reporting for glucose metrics. We describe a single-page HCL data reporting, referred to here as "artificial pancreas (AP) Dashboard." We propose seven components in the AP Dashboard that can provide detailed information and visualization of glucose, insulin, and HCL-specific metrics. The seven components include (A) glucose metrics, (B) hypoglycemia, (C) insulin, (D) user experience, (E) hyperglycemia, (F) glucose modal-day profile, and (G) insight. A single-page report similar to an electrocardiogram can help providers and patients interpret HCL data easily and take the necessary steps to improve glycemic outcomes. We also describe the optimal sampling duration for HCL data download and color coding for visualization ease. We believe that this is a first step in creating a standardized HCL reporting, which may result in better uptake of the systems. For increased adoption, standardized reporting will require input from providers, patients, diabetes device manufacturers, and regulators.

2. Biology and Treatment of Hairy Cell Leukemia

Jérôme Paillassa, Xavier Troussard Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2020 Apr 30;21(6):44. doi: 10.1007/s11864-020-00732-0.

Despite its rarity, hairy cell leukemia (HCL) remains a fascinating disease and the physiopathology is becoming more and more understood. The accurate diagnosis of HCL relies on the recognition of hairy cells by morphology and flow cytometry (FCM) in the blood and/or bone marrow (BM). The BRAF V600E mutation, an HCL-defining mutation, represents a novel diagnostic parameter and a potential therapeutic target. The precise cellular origin of HCL is a late-activated postgerminal center memory B cell. BRAF mutations were detected in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) of patients with HCL, suggesting that this is an early HCL-defining event. Watch-and-wait strategy is necessary in approximately 10% of asymptomatic HCL patients, sometimes for several years. Purine analogs (PNAs) are the established first-line options for symptomatic HCL patients. In second-line treatment, chemoimmunotherapy combining PNA plus rituximab should be considered in high-risk HCL patients. The three options for relapsed/refractory HCL patients include recombinant immunoconjugates targeting CD22, BRAF inhibitors, and BCR inhibitors. The clinical interest to investigate blood minimal residual disease (MRD) was recently demonstrated, with a high risk of relapse in patients with positive testing for MRD and a low risk in patients with negative testing. However, efforts must be made to standardize MRD analyses in the near future. Patients with HCL are at risk of second malignancies. The increased risk could be related to the disease and/or the treatment, and the respective role of PNAs in the development of secondary malignancies remains a topic of debate.