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Japonicin-2

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Japonicin-2 is an antibacterial peptide isolated from Rana japonica (Japanese brown frog). It has activity against Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus.

Category
Functional Peptides
Catalog number
BAT-012503
Molecular Formula
C110H191N27O23S3
Molecular Weight
2356
IUPAC Name
(2S)-2-[[(2R)-6-amino-2-[[(2R)-2-[[(2R)-6-amino-2-[[(2R)-2-[[(2R)-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2R)-2-[[(2R)-2-[[(2R)-6-amino-2-[[[1-[(2R)-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2R)-2-amino-1-hydroxy-3-phenylpropylidene]amino]-1-hydroxyethylidene]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]-hydroxymethylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-4-methylsulfanylbutylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-4-methylpentylidene]amino]-1,3-dihydroxypropylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-3-methylpentylidene]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]-hydroxymethylidene]amino]-1-hydroxyhexylidene]amino]-1-hydroxypropylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-4-methylpentylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-3-sulfanylpropylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-3-methylpentylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-4-methylpentylidene]amino]-1-hydroxy-4-methylpentylidene]amino]-1-hydroxyhexylidene]amino]-5-carbamimidamido-1-hydroxypentylidene]amino]-1-hydroxyhexylidene]amino]-3-sulfanylpropanoic acid
Synonyms
Phe-Gly-Leu-Pro-Met-Leu-Ser-Ile-Leu-Pro-Lys-Ala-Leu-Cys-Ile-Leu-Leu-Lys-Arg-Lys-Cys
Purity
95.6%
Sequence
FGLPMLSILPKALC(1)ILLKRKC(1)
Storage
Store at -20°C
InChI
InChI=1S/C110H193N27O23S3/c1-19-66(15)88(105(155)129-79(52-63(9)10)98(148)128-77(50-61(5)6)97(147)123-72(36-25-28-43-112)93(143)122-74(38-30-45-117-110(115)116)94(144)121-73(37-26-29-44-113)95(145)133-84(59-162)109(159)160)135-102(152)83(58-161)132-100(150)76(49-60(3)4)126-90(140)68(17)119-92(142)71(35-24-27-42-111)124-103(153)85-39-32-47-137(85)108(158)81(54-65(13)14)130-106(156)89(67(16)20-2)134-101(151)82(57-138)131-99(149)78(51-62(7)8)127-96(146)75(41-48-163-18)125-104(154)86-40-31-46-136(86)107(157)80(53-64(11)12)120-87(139)56-118-91(141)70(114)55-69-33-22-21-23-34-69/h21-23,33-34,60-68,70-86,88-89,138,161-162H,19-20,24-32,35-59,111-114H2,1-18H3,(H,118,141)(H,119,142)(H,120,139)(H,121,144)(H,122,143)(H,123,147)(H,124,153)(H,125,154)(H,126,140)(H,127,146)(H,128,148)(H,129,155)(H,130,156)(H,131,149)(H,132,150)(H,133,145)(H,134,151)(H,135,152)(H,159,160)(H4,115,116,117)/t66-,67-,68-,70-,71-,72-,73-,74-,75+,76-,77-,78?,79-,80+,81-,82+,83-,84-,85?,86+,88+,89+/m1/s1
InChI Key
UVIQCDAMBGFMBC-RVDSTVJFSA-N
Canonical SMILES
CCC(C)C(C(=NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)N1CCCC1C(=NC(CCCCN)C(=NC(C)C(=NC(CC(C)C)C(=NC(CS)C(=NC(C(C)CC)C(=NC(CC(C)C)C(=NC(CC(C)C)C(=NC(CCCCN)C(=NC(CCCNC(=N)N)C(=NC(CCCCN)C(=NC(CS)C(=O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)N=C(C(CO)N=C(C(CC(C)C)N=C(C(CCSC)N=C(C2CCCN2C(=O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(CN=C(C(CC3=CC=CC=C3)N)O)O)O)O)O)O
1. Reflections on a systematic nomenclature for antimicrobial peptides from the skins of frogs of the family Ranidae
J Michael Conlon Peptides. 2008 Oct;29(10):1815-9. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2008.05.029. Epub 2008 Jun 8.
Frogs belonging to the extensive family Ranidae represent a valuable source of antimicrobial peptides with therapeutic potential but there is currently no consistent system of nomenclature to describe these peptides. Terminology based solely on species name does not reflect the evolutionary relationships existing between peptides encoded by orthologous and paralogous genes. On the basis of limited structural similarity, at least 14 well-established peptide families have been identified (brevinin-1, brevinin-2, esculentin-1, esculentin-2, japonicin-1, japonicin-2, nigrocin-2, palustrin-1, palustrin-2, ranacyclin, ranalexin, ranatuerin-1, ranatuerin-2, temporin). It is proposed that terms that are synonymous with these names should no longer be used. Orthologous peptides from different species may be characterized by the initial letter of that species, set in upper case, with paralogs belonging to the same peptide family being assigned letters set in lower case, e.g. brevinin-1Pa, brevinin-1Pb, etc. When two species begin with the same initial letter, two letters may be used, e.g. P for pipiens and PL for palustris. Species names and assignments to genera may be obtained from Amphibian Species of the World Electronic Database, accessible at http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.php. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA.
2. A family of antimicrobial peptides related to japonicin-2 isolated from the skin of the chaochiao brown frog Rana chaochiaoensis
J Michael Conlon, Jérôme Leprince, Hubert Vaudry, Hu Jiansheng, Per F Nielsen Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2006 Sep;144(1):101-5. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2006.07.007. Epub 2006 Jul 21.
Four structurally-related peptides with antimicrobial activity were isolated from an extract of the skin of the Chinese brown frog, Rana chaochiaoensis Liu, 1946. Determination of their primary structures revealed that they are members of the japonicin-2 family, previously identified only in the skin of the Japanese brown frog, R. japonica. Japonicin-2CHa (FVLPLLGILPKELCIVLKKNC) represented the most abundant peptide in the extract but its growth-inhibitory potency against Staphylococcus aureus (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC=100 microM) and Escherichia coli (MIC>100 microM) was appreciably less than that of the more cationic japonicin-2 (FGLPMLSILPKALCILLKRKC). The high degree of structural similarity of japonicin-2CHb (VVPAFVLLKKAICIMLKRNC) with japonicin-2CHc (K9 --> R), and japonicin-2CHd (L16 --> F) is suggestive of recent gene duplication events. The data indicate a close phylogenetic relationship between R. chaochiaoensis and R. japonica but demonstrate that the species are not conspecific.
3. Antimicrobial peptides with atypical structural features from the skin of the Japanese brown frog Rana japonica
Todd Isaacson, AnaMaria Soto, Shawichi Iwamuro, Floyd C Knoop, J Michael Conlon Peptides. 2002 Mar;23(3):419-25. doi: 10.1016/s0196-9781(01)00634-9.
Japonicin-1 (FFPIGVFCKIFKTC) and japonicin-2 (FGLPMLSILPKALCILLKRKC), two peptides with differential growth-inhibitory activity against the Gram-negative bacterium, Escherichia coli and the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, were isolated from an extract of the skin of the Japanese brown frog Rana japonica. Both peptides show little amino acid sequence similarity to previously characterized antimicrobial peptides isolated from the skins of Ranid frogs. Circular dichroism studies, however, demonstrate that japonicin-2 adopts an alpha-helical conformation in 50% trifluoroethanol in common with many other cationic antimicrobial peptides synthesized in amphibian skin. Peptides belonging to the brevinin-1, brevinin-2, and tigerinin families, previously identified in the skins of Asian Ranid frogs, were not detected but a temporin-related peptide (ILPLVGNLLNDLL.NH(2); temporin-1Ja), that atypically bears no net positive charge, was isolated from the extract. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the peptides against E. coli were japonicin-1, 30 microM; japonicin-2, 12 microM; and temporin-1Ja > 100 microM. The MICs against S. aureus were japonicin-1, > 100 microM; japonicin-2, 20 microM; and temporin-1Ja, > 100 microM.
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