L(+)-Ornithine hydrochloride

In order to evaluate the role of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in the early stage of experimental subretinal neovascularization, we severely damaged RPE cells before the development of subretinal neovascularization. Three adult rhesus monkeys were used in this study. One mol/l l-ornithine hydrochloride saline solution was injected intravitreously at 2 weeks before intense krypton laser photocoagulation on the retina at the posterior pole, and clinical and histopathological course were studied at 1 to 28 days after photocoagulation. As a result, no evidence of new vessel formation could be observed clinically throughout the entire course. Histopathologically, at 3 days after photocoagulation, slight proliferation of RPE cells was identified by electron microscopy at the margin of the laser lesions, and budding of vascular endothelial cells derived from choroidal microvessels was observed in the choroid. However, no newly-formed vessels extended into the subretinal space at 7 days or more after photocoagulation. These results confirmed our hypothesis that proliferated RPE cells had inductive effect on the growth of endothelial cells in the early stage of development of subretinal neovascularization.

Chloroanilines are widely used chemical intermediates for the manufacture of dyes, agricultural chemicals and industrial compounds. Nephrotoxicity occurs as one toxicity following intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of chloroaniline hydrochlorides to rats. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of chemical form, route of administration and vehicle on 3,5-dichloroaniline-induced nephrotoxicity. In one set of studies, male Fischer 344 rats (four to eight per group) were administered a single i.p. injection of 3,5-dichloroaniline free base or hydrochloride salt, cysteine hydrochloride or ornithine hydrochloride (0.8, 1.0 or 1.5 mmol kg-1) or an appropriate vehicle and renal function monitored for 48 h. Only 3,5-dichloroaniline hydrochloride induced nephrotoxicity that was characterized as acute renal failure. When 3,5-dichloroaniline free base (0.8 mmol kg-1) was administered in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), all rats died within 24 h. In a second experiment, the free base or hydrochloride form of 3,5-dichloroaniline (1.5 mmol kg-1) or vehicle (0.9% saline or sesame oil, respectively) were administered orally and renal function monitored for 48 h. No evidence of nephrotoxicity was observed following either treatment.

OBJECTIVES: ;L-Ornithine has an important role in ammonia metabolism via the urea cycle. This study aimed to examine the effect of L-ornithine hydrochloride ingestion on performance during incremental exhaustive ergometer bicycle exercise and ammonia metabolism during and after exercise.;SUBJECTS/METHODS: ;In all, 14 healthy young adults (age: 22.2±1.0 years, height: 173.5±4.6 cm, body mass: 72.5±12.5 kg) who trained regularly conducted incremental exhaustive ergometer bicycle exercises after -ornithine hydrochloride supplementation (0.1 g/kg, body mass) and placebo conditions with a cross-over design. The exercise time (sec) of the incremental ergometer exercise, exercise intensity at exhaustion (watt), maximal oxygen uptake (ml per kg per min), maximal heart rate (beats per min) and the following serum parameters were measured before ingestion, 1 h after ingestion, just after exhaustion and 15 min after exhaustion: ornithine, ammonia, urea, lactic acid and glutamate. All indices on maximal aerobic capacity showed insignificant differences between both the conditions.;RESULTS: ;Plasma ammonia concentrations just after exhaustion and at 15 min after exhaustion were significantly more with ornithine ingestion than with placebo.