MR10

The present study demonstrates the effectiveness of X-ray radiation in strain improvement for defective lipase production by Bacillus sp. MR10 for further application in the fermentative production of manno-oligosaccharides (MOS) from agricultural by-product, defatted copra meal (DCM). The mutants obtained were screened based on their defective lipase activity together with their β-mannanase production performance. Among 10 selected mutants, the strain M7 was the highest promising mutant regarding the smallest lipase activity (0.05 U/ml) and the retained β-mannanase activity similar to the parental strain (22 U/ml) were detected. The mutant M7 effectively hydrolyzed DCM to MOS with low-degree of polymerization (DP) oligomers including mannotriose (M3), mannotetraose (M4), and mannopentose (M5) as the main products. Although the pattern of DCM hydrolysis products of mutant M7 was distinctly different from wild type, the biochemical and catalytic properties of purified β-mannanase of mutant were similar to those of wild type. Both purified β-mannanases with apparent molecular mass of 38 kDa displayed optimal activity at pH 5-7 and 45-55°C. Co2+ and Hg2+ nearly completely inhibited activities of both enzymes, whereas Ba2+, Fe3+, and 2-mercaptoethanol obviously activated enzyme activities. Both enzymes showed high specificity for locust bean gum, konjac mannan, DCM, and guar gum. Thus, the mutant M7 has a potential for commercial production of high-quality MOS from low-cost DCM for further application in the feed industry.

After interaction with HeLa cells cultured in vitro, the fraction of adhering extracellular and that of internalized smooth Salmonella typhimurium 395 MS and rough 395 MR10 have been determined by two different techniques. (i) By using the indirect fluorescent-antibody technique on unfixed and acetone-fixed HeLa cell preparations, intracellular bacteria were considered to become stained only after acetone fixation. (ii) Based on the assumption that gentamicin affects only extracellular bacteria, disintegration of the infected HeLa cells and viable count allowed the determination of internalized bacteria. Both techniques showed that MS as well as MR10 bacteria gained intracellular access, the fraction of MR10 cells doing so being much greater. The net increase in the intracellular bacterial population was small within 3 h of incubation.

This Guideline is an official statement of the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE). It addresses the diagnosis and management of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (NVUGIH). Main Recommendations MR1. ESGE recommends immediate assessment of hemodynamic status in patients who present with acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (UGIH), with prompt intravascular volume replacement initially using crystalloid fluids if hemodynamic instability exists (strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence). MR2. ESGE recommends a restrictive red blood cell transfusion strategy that aims for a target hemoglobin between 7 g/dL and 9 g/dL. A higher target hemoglobin should be considered in patients with significant co-morbidity (e. g., ischemic cardiovascular disease) (strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence).