1.Effect of antiproliferative agents on vascular function in normal and in vitro balloon-injured porcine coronary arteries.
Kennedy S1, Wadsworth RM, Wainwright CL. Eur J Pharmacol. 2003 Nov 14;481(1):101-7.
Local infusion of antiproliferative agents following coronary balloon angioplasty is used in vivo. This study examined the effects of the antiproliferative agents paclitaxel (5-beta, 20-Epoxy-1,2-alpha,4,7-beta,10-beta,13-alpha-Hexahydroxy-Tax-11-en-9-one 4,10-Diacetate 2_Benzoate 13-Ester with (2R,3S)-N-Benzoyl-3-Phenylisoserine; 10 and 50 microM), farnesyl protein transferase inhibitor III (FPT III, (E,E)-2-[2-Oxo-2-[(3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrienyl) oxy] amino] ethyl] phosphonic acid, (2,2-dimethyl-1-oxopropoxy) methyl ester, sodium); 10 and 25 microM), perillyl alcohol (4-isopropenyl-cyclohexenecarbinol; 1 and 2 mM) and Van 10/4 (Decahydro-1,1,4,7-tetramethyl-1H-cycloprop[e]azulen-4-o-[2-(3-methylpent-2-enoyl)-fucopyranoside]; 10 and 25 microM) on normal and in vitro balloon-injured porcine coronary arteries. Short-term (30 min) incubation had no effect on contraction or relaxation. Overnight incubation with 25 microM Van 10/4-attenuated contraction while perillyl alcohol abolished contractility completely.
2.An investigation of nitrile transforming enzymes in the chemo-enzymatic synthesis of the taxol sidechain.
Wilding B1, Veselá AB, Perry JJ, Black GW, Zhang M, Martínková L, Klempier N. Org Biomol Chem. 2015 Jul 28;13(28):7803-12. doi: 10.1039/c5ob01191d.
Paclitaxel (taxol) is an antimicrotubule agent widely used in the treatment of cancer. Taxol is prepared in a semisynthetic route by coupling the N-benzoyl-(2R,3S)-3-phenylisoserine sidechain to the baccatin III core structure. Precursors of the taxol sidechain have previously been prepared in chemoenzymatic approaches using acylases, lipases, and reductases, mostly featuring the enantioselective, enzymatic step early in the reaction pathway. Here, nitrile hydrolysing enzymes, namely nitrile hydratases and nitrilases, are investigated for the enzymatic hydrolysis of two different sidechain precursors. Both sidechain precursors, an openchain α-hydroxy-β-amino nitrile and a cyanodihydrooxazole, are suitable for coupling to baccatin III directly after the enzymatic step. An extensive set of nitrilases and nitrile hydratases was screened towards their activity and selectivity in the hydrolysis of two taxol sidechain precursors and their epimers.
3.Baker's Yeast-Mediated Reductions of alpha-Keto Esters and an alpha-Keto-beta-Lactam. Two Routes to the Paclitaxel Side Chain.
Kayser MM1, Mihovilovic MD, Kearns J, Feicht A, Stewart JD. J Org Chem. 1999 Sep 3;64(18):6603-6608.
Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) has been used to reduce a series of alkyl esters derived from pyruvate and benzoylformate. Both the yield and enantioselectivities of these reductions were maximized when methyl esters were used, and the (R)-alcohols were isolated in all instances. Yeast-mediated ester hydrolysis was a significant side reaction for products derived from long-chain alcohols. In the case of ethyl benzoylformate, the addition of methyl vinyl ketone increased the enantioselectivity of the reduction. These reductions were applied to two syntheses of the paclitaxel C(13) side chain [(2R,3S)-N-benzoyl-3-phenylisoserine]. In the first, a racemic alpha-keto-beta-azido ester was reduced by whole cells of Baker's yeast to afford a diastereomeric mixture in which the desired product predominated and could be isolated chromatographically. In the second, an easily synthesized alpha-keto-beta-lactam was reduced by yeast cells to afford the desired cis isomer as well as the undesired trans diastereomer.
4.Design, Synthesis, and Antiplasmodial Activity of Hybrid Compounds Based on (2R,3S)-N-Benzoyl-3-phenylisoserine.
Njogu PM1, Gut J2, Rosenthal PJ2, Chibale K3. ACS Med Chem Lett. 2013 May 22;4(7):637-41. doi: 10.1021/ml400164t. eCollection 2013.
A series of hybrid compounds based on (2R,3S)-N-benzoyl-3-phenylisoserine, artemisinin, and quinoline moieties was synthesized and tested for in vitro antiplasmodial activity against erythrocytic stages of K1 and W2 strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Two hybrid compounds incorporating (2R,3S)-N-benzoyl-3-phenylisoserine and artemisinin scaffolds were 3- to 4-fold more active than dihydroartemisinin, with nanomolar IC50 values against Plasmodium falciparum K1 strain.
