1.Protective effect of zingerone on increased vascular contractility in diabetic rat aorta.
Ghareib SA1, El-Bassossy HM2, Elberry AA3, Azhar A4, Watson ML5, Banjar ZM6, Alahdal AM7. Eur J Pharmacol. 2016 Mar 25. pii: S0014-2999(16)30176-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.03.046. [Epub ahead of print]
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect and possible mechanism of action of zingerone, the main constituent of ginger, on vascular reactivity in isolated aorta from diabetic rats. The results show that incubation of aortae with zingerone alleviates the exaggerated vasoconstriction of diabetic aortae to phenylephrine, as well as the impaired relaxatory response to acetylcholine in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, Zingerone directly relax phenylephrine-precontracted aortae. The vasorelaxatory response is significantly attenuated by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride and the guanylate cyclase inhibitor methylene blue but no effect of either the potassium channels blocker tetraethylammonium chloride, or the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin was observed. Zingerone had no effect on advanced glycation end product formation as well. In conclusion, zingerone ameliorates enhanced vascular contraction in diabetic aortae which may be mediated by its vasodilator effect through NO- and guanylate cyclase stimulation.
2.CD70 Exacerbates Blood Pressure Elevation and Renal Damage in Response to Repeated Hypertensive Stimuli.
Itani HA1, Xiao L1, Saleh MA1, Wu J1, Pilkinton MA1, Dale BL1, Barbaro NR1, Foss JD1, Kirabo A1, Montaniel KR1, Norlander AE1, Chen W1, Sato R1, Navar LG1, Mallal SA1, Madhur MS1, Bernstein KE1, Harrison DG2. Circ Res. 2016 Apr 15;118(8):1233-43. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.115.308111. Epub 2016 Mar 17.
RATIONALE: Accumulating evidence supports a role of adaptive immunity and particularly T cells in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Formation of memory T cells, which requires the costimulatory molecule CD70 on antigen-presenting cells, is a cardinal feature of adaptive immunity.
3.Prevention of cardiac dysfunction, kidney fibrosis and lipid metabolic alterations in l-NAME hypertensive rats by sinapic acid-Role of HMG-CoA reductase.
Silambarasan T1, Manivannan J2, Raja B3, Chatterjee S4. Eur J Pharmacol. 2016 Apr 15;777:113-23. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.03.004. Epub 2016 Mar 2.
The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of sinapic acid, a bioactive phenolic acid on high blood pressure associated cardiac dysfunction, kidney fibrosis and lipid alterations in N(ω)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (l-NAME) induced hypertensive rats. Sinapic acid was administered to rats orally at a dosage of 40mg/kg everyday for a period of 4 weeks. Sinapic acid treatment significantly decreased mean arterial pressure, left ventricular end diastolic pressure, organ weights (liver and kidney), lipid peroxidation products in tissues (liver and kidney), activities of hepatic marker enzymes and the levels of renal function markers in serum of l-NAME rats. Sinapic acid treatment also significantly increased the level of plasma nitric oxide metabolites, and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in tissues of l-NAME rats. Tissue damage was assessed by histopathological examination. Alterations in plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme activity, level of plasma lipoproteins and tissue lipids were corrected by sinapic acid treatment in l-NAME rats.
4.Effect of Ginger and Turmeric Rhizomes on Inflammatory Cytokines Levels and Enzyme Activities of Cholinergic and Purinergic Systems in Hypertensive Rats.
Akinyemi AJ1, Thomé GR2, Morsch VM2, Bottari NB2, Baldissarelli J2, de Oliveira LS2, Goularte JF3, Belló-Klein A3, Duarte T4, Duarte M4, Boligon AA5, Athayde ML5, Akindahunsi AA1, Oboh G1, Schetinger MR2. Planta Med. 2016 Mar 22. [Epub ahead of print]
Inflammation exerts a crucial pathogenic role in the development of hypertension. Hence, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale) and turmeric (Curcuma longa) on enzyme activities of purinergic and cholinergic systems as well as inflammatory cytokine levels in Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride-induced hypertensive rats. The rats were divided into seven groups (n = 10); groups 1-3 included normotensive control rats, hypertensive (Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride) rats, and hypertensive control rats treated with atenolol (an antihypertensive drug), while groups 4 and 5 included normotensive and hypertensive (Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride) rats treated with 4 % supplementation of turmeric, respectively, and groups 6 and 7 included normotensive and hypertensive rats treated with 4 % supplementation of ginger, respectively. The animals were induced with hypertension by oral administration of Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride, 40 mg/kg body weight.
