Nα-Z-D-2,4-diaminobutyric acid
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Nα-Z-D-2,4-diaminobutyric acid

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Category
CBZ-Amino Acids
Catalog number
BAT-005692
CAS number
70882-66-5
Molecular Formula
C12H16N2O4
Molecular Weight
252.48
Nα-Z-D-2,4-diaminobutyric acid
IUPAC Name
(2R)-4-amino-2-(phenylmethoxycarbonylamino)butanoic acid
Synonyms
Z-D-Dab-OH
Appearance
White crystalline powder
Purity
≥ 99% (HPLC)
Melting Point
178-190 °C
Storage
Store at 2-8°C
InChI
InChI=1S/C12H16N2O4/c13-7-6-10(11(15)16)14-12(17)18-8-9-4-2-1-3-5-9/h1-5,10H,6-8,13H2,(H,14,17)(H,15,16)/t10-/m1/s1
InChI Key
KXMSCBRTBLPGIN-SNVBAGLBSA-N
Canonical SMILES
C1=CC=C(C=C1)COC(=O)NC(CCN)C(=O)O
1. The 'neurotoxicity' of L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid
R M O'Neal, C H Chen, C S Reynolds, S K Meghal, R E Koeppe Biochem J. 1968 Feb;106(3):699-706. doi: 10.1042/bj1060699.
The neurolathyrogen l-2,4-diaminobutyric acid is concentrated by liver, and liver damage can yield neurotoxicity; thus the neurotoxicity caused by this compound may be due to liver damage followed by secondary brain damage. 1. The intraperitoneal administration of toxic doses of l-2,4-diaminobutyric acid to rats resulted in hyperirritability, tremors and convulsions in 12-20hr. and increased the concentration of ammonia of blood and brain slightly and the concentration of glutamine of brain two- to three-fold. By contrast, toxic doses of l-homoarginine, l-lysine, l-leucine and ammonium acetate caused dyspnoea, extreme prostration, and in some cases coma in 15-30min., and increased the concentration of ammonia of blood significantly and the concentration of glutamine of brain slightly. These results indicate that l-2,4-diaminobutyric acid caused a chronic ammonia toxicity, whereas the other amino acids and ammonium acetate resulted in an acute ammonia toxicity. 2. Liver slices from l-2,4-diaminobutyric acid-treated animals and normal liver slices preincubated with l-2,4-diaminobutyric acid utilized ammonia and formed urea at a lower rate than control slices from normal rats. 3. l-2,4-Diaminobutyric acid inhibited competitively ornithine carbamoyltransferase of rat liver homogenates, thus demonstrating that this reaction is a primary site of toxicity for this neurolathyrogen. Although we were unable to show marked elevations of blood ammonia concentration after treatment with l-2,4-diaminobutyric acid, these results are interpreted to mean that ammonia utilization (urea synthesis) in liver is inhibited by l-2,4-diaminobutyric acid and that at least part of the neurotoxicity is due to a prolonged slight increase in body ammonia concentration.
2. Extensive depolarization and lack of recovery of leech Retzius neurons caused by 2,4 diaminobutyric acid
S Spasic, M Stanojevic, J Nesovic Ostojic, S Kovacevic, M Prostran, S Lopicic Aquat Toxicol. 2018 Jun;199:269-275. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.03.036. Epub 2018 Mar 31.
In this paper we present, for the first time, a detailed account of electrophysiological effects of 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (2,4-DABA). 2,4-DABA is a neurotoxic non-protein amino acid produced by Cyanobacteria with a possible link to neurodegenerative disorders in animals and humans. Intracellular recordings were performed on Retzius nerve cells of the leech Haemopis sanguisuga using glass microelectrodes filled with 3 mol/L KCl. Our results show that 2,4-DABA is an excitatory amino acid, causing membrane depolarization in a concentration-dependent manner. The most prominent depolarizations of 39.63±2.22 mV and 47.05±4.33 mV, induced by 5×10-3 and 10-2 mol/L 2,4-DABA respectively, are several times larger than maximal depolarizations induced by either Glutamate, Aspartate, β-N-methylamino-alanine (BMAA) or β-N-oxalylamino-alanine (BOAA) on our model. These 2,4-DABA induced depolarizations evolve through two distinct stages, which is a novel phenomenon in electrical cell activity upon application of an excitatory amino acid, at least on our model. Involvement of two separate mechanisms, suggested by the two stage phenomenon, is discussed in the paper. We also provide evidence that 2,4-DABA induces irreversible functional disturbances in neurons in a concentration-dependent manner, since only half of the cells recovered normal electrical activity after application of 5×10-3 mol/L 2,4-DABA, and none recovered after application of 10-2 mol/L 2,4-DABA. Effects of both L-2,4-DABA and DL-2,4-DABA were tested and are not significantly different.
3. Evidence of 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB) production as a defense mechanism in diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana
Sea-Yong Kim, Per Hedberg, Monika Winder, Sara Rydberg Aquat Toxicol. 2022 Aug;249:106210. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106210. Epub 2022 May 27.
The neurotoxic secondary metabolite β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) and its structural isomer 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (DAB) are known to be produced by various phytoplankton groups. Despite the worldwide spread of these toxin producers, no obvious role and function of BMAA and DAB in diatoms have been identified. Here, we investigated the effects of biotic factors, i.e., predators and competitors, as possible causes of BMAA and/or DAB regulation in the two diatom species Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Thalassiosira pseudonana. DAB was specifically regulated in T. pseudonana by the presence of predators and competitors. The effects of DAB on both diatoms as competitors and on the copepod Tigriopus sp. as predator at individual and at population levels were examined. The toxic effects of DAB on the growth of T. pseudonana and the population of Tigriopus sp. were significant. The effect of DAB as a defensive secondary metabolite is assumed to be environmentally relevant depending on the number of the copepods. The results show a potential function of DAB that can play an important role in defense mechanisms of T. pseudonana.
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