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Neuromedin U, rat

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Neuromedin U, a structurally highly conserved neuropeptide, is ubiquitously distributed, with highest levels found in the gastrointestinal tract and pituitary. Neuromedin U regulates blood pressure, ion transport in the gut, mesenteric blood flow and adrenocortical function, and also decreases food intake and body weight, increases body temperature and heat production, and inhibits gastric acid secretion via the CRH system following central administration in vivo.

Category

Peptide Inhibitors

Catalog number

BAT-010556

CAS number

117505-80-3

Molecular Formula

C124H180N34O31

Molecular Weight

2642.97

Specification
Reference Reading

IUPAC Name

(4S)-4-[[(2S)-4-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]-5-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-5-amino-1-[[2-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[[2-[[2-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-5-carbamimidamido-1-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-5-carbamimidamido-1-[[(2S)-1,4-diamino-1,4-dioxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopentan-2-yl]carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-1,5-dioxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid

Synonyms

Rat neuromedin U-23; H-Tyr-Lys-Val-Asn-Glu-Tyr-Gln-Gly-Pro-Val-Ala-Pro-Ser-Gly-Gly-Phe-Phe-Leu-Phe-Arg-Pro-Arg-Asn-NH2; L-tyrosyl-L-lysyl-L-valyl-L-asparagyl-L-alpha-glutamyl-L-tyrosyl-L-glutaminyl-glycyl-L-prolyl-L-valyl-L-alanyl-L-prolyl-L-seryl-glycyl-glycyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-arginyl-L-prolyl-L-arginyl-L-asparaginamide

Appearance

Lyophilized Powder

Purity

≥95%

Density

1.5±0.1 g/cm3

Sequence

YKVNEYQGPVAPSGGFFLFRPRN-NH2

Storage

Store at -20°C

Solubility

Soluble in Water

InChI

InChI=1S/C124H180N34O31/c1-66(2)54-84(110(177)150-86(57-71-26-13-9-14-27-71)113(180)146-82(32-20-50-136-124(133)134)122(189)158-53-23-35-93(158)116(183)145-79(31-19-49-135-123(131)132)107(174)147-83(103(130)170)60-95(128)163)148-114(181)87(58-72-28-15-10-16-29-72)151-111(178)85(56-70-24-11-8-12-25-70)141-98(166)63-137-97(165)62-138-106(173)90(65-159)153-117(184)92-34-22-52-157(92)121(188)69(7)140-119(186)101(67(3)4)155-118(185)91-33-21-51-156(91)99(167)64-139-105(172)80(44-46-94(127)162)143-112(179)88(59-74-38-42-76(161)43-39-74)149-108(175)81(45-47-100(168)169)144-115(182)89(61-96(129)164)152-120(187)102(68(5)6)154-109(176)78(30-17-18-48-125)142-104(171)77(126)55-73-36-40-75(160)41-37-73/h8-16,24-29,36-43,66-69,77-93,101-102,159-161H,17-23,30-35,44-65,125-126H2,1-7H3,(H2,127,162)(H2,128,163)(H2,129,164)(H2,130,170)(H,137,165)(H,138,173)(H,139,172)(H,140,186)(H,141,166)(H,142,171)(H,143,179)(H,144,182)(H,145,183)(H,146,180)(H,147,174)(H,148,181)(H,149,175)(H,150,177)(H,151,178)(H,152,187)(H,153,184)(H,154,176)(H,155,185)(H,168,169)(H4,131,132,135)(H4,133,134,136)/t69-,77-,78-,79-,80-,81-,82-,83-,84-,85-,86-,87-,88-,89-,90-,91-,92-,93-,101-,102-/m0/s1

InChI Key

YYDRKWCPVLDJJD-XOXVDEAXSA-N

Canonical SMILES

CC(C)CC(C(=O)NC(CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)NC(CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N2CCCC2C(=O)NC(CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)NC(CC(=O)N)C(=O)N)NC(=O)C(CC3=CC=CC=C3)NC(=O)C(CC4=CC=CC=C4)NC(=O)CNC(=O)CNC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C5CCCN5C(=O)C(C)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C6CCCN6C(=O)CNC(=O)C(CCC(=O)N)NC(=O)C(CC7=CC=C(C=C7)O)NC(=O)C(CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)C(CC(=O)N)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)C(CCCCN)NC(=O)C(CC8=CC=C(C=C8)O)N

1. Isolation and structural determination of rat neuromedin U

N Minamino, M Honzawa, H Matsuo, K Kangawa Biochem Biophys Res Commun . 1988 Oct 14;156(1):355-60. doi: 10.1016/s0006-291x(88)80848-9.

Rat neuromedin U was isolated from the small intestine using mainly immunoaffinity chromatography and radioimmunoassay for pig neuromedin U-8. The amino acid sequence of rat neuromedin U was determined by microsequence analysis to be Tyr-Lys-Val-Asn-Glu-Tyr-Gln-Gly-Pro-Val-Ala-Pro-Ser-Gly-Gly- Phe-Phe-Leu-Phe-Arg-Pro-Arg-Asn-NH2, and this structure was confirmed by synthesis. Although the C-terminal heptapeptide amide structure of pig neuromedin U is completely conserved in rat neuromedin U, the remainder of the peptide reveals nine amino acid replacements and two amino acid deletions when compared to pig neuromedin U-25. Rat neuromedin U exerts two-fold potent uterus stimulant activity as compared to pig neuromedin U-25.

2. Neuromedin U Does Not Act as a Decretin in Rats

Reidar Albrechtsen, Rune Ehrenreich Kuhre, Charlotte Bayer Christiansen, Ida Marie Modvig, Mette Marie Rosenkilde, Jens Juul Holst, Bolette Hartmann, Patricia Almine Skat-Rørdam, Maria Buur Nordskov Gabe, Seyed Mojtaba Ghiasi, Nicolai Jacob Wewer Albrechtsen, Thomas Mandrup-Poulsen Cell Metab . 2019 Mar 5;29(3):719-726.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.10.008.

Studies on isolated pancreatic islets suggest that neuromedin U (NMU), a brain and gastrointestinal peptide, acts as a decretin hormone, inhibiting glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. We investigated whether this effect could be reproduced in vivo and in isolated perfused rat pancreas. Unlike the incretin hormone, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), intravenous NMU administration had no effects on blood glucose and plasma insulin and glucagon in vivo. Moreover, NMU neither changed insulin, glucagon, or somatostatin secretion from isolated perfused rat pancreas, nor affected GLP-1-stimulated insulin and somatostatin secretion. For NMU to act as a decretin hormone, its secretion should increase following glucose ingestion; however, glucose did not affect NMU secretion from isolated perfused rat small intestine, which contained extractable NMU. Furthermore, the two NMU receptors were not detected in endocrine rat or human pancreas. We conclude that NMU does not act as a decretin hormone in rats.

3. Neuromedin U precursor-related peptide (NURP) exerts neuromedin U-like sympathetic nerve action in the rat

Keiko Nakahara, Noboru Murakami, Kenji Kangawa, Kenji Mori, Mikiya Miyazato, Keisuke Maruyama, Takuya Ensho Biochem Biophys Res Commun . 2017 Oct 21;492(3):412-418. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.08.084.

It has been suggested that novel peptide that is produced from the neuromedin U (NMU) precursor may exist, as this precursor contains multiple consensus sequences for proteolytic processing. Recently, we identified two mature novel peptides comprising 33 and 36 residues in the rat brain, which were designated neuromedin U precursor-related peptide (NURP) 33 and 36. In the present study, we compared the roles of NURP33 and 36 with that of NMU, as neither activates the NMU receptors. Immunoreactivity for NMU and NURPs was widely present in the central nervous system and showed a similar distribution. Intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of NURP33 in rats increased locomotor activity, energy expenditure, heart rate and back surface temperature (BS-T), similarly to NMU or NURP36. NMU treatment reduced food intake, but NURP33 did not. Pretreatment with the β3 blocker, SR59230A, and the cyclooxygenase blocker, indomethacin, inhibited the NURP33- or NMU-induced increase of BS-T. In addition, icv injection of NURP33 or NMU increased the expression of mRNA for cyclooxygenase 2 in the hypothalamus and for uncoupling protein 1 in the brown adipose tissue. These results suggest that although NURP33 and 36 do not activate the NMU receptors, they might exert NMU-like sympathetic nerve action in the brain.