1. Local Anesthetics Systemic Toxicity
R Jayanthi, Ksga Nasser, K Monica J Assoc Physicians India. 2016 Mar;64(3):92-93.
Lidocaine Hydrochloride is an amide ester, which is widely used local anesthetic agent that is well tolerated but what is less known is the occurrence of systemic toxicity which manifests in the central nervous and cardiovascular systems. We report here 3 cases of Lidocaine associated Seizures.
2. Chitosan-based Dy2O3/CuFe3O4 bio-nanocomposite development, characterization, and drug release kinetics
Ayesha Anwar, et al. Int J Biol Macromol. 2022 Nov 1;220:788-801. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.119. Epub 2022 Aug 20.
Chitosan (CS)/metal oxide (MO) nano-carriers have recently attracted attention due to their great integration into several biomedical applications. Herein, CS and dysprosium oxide based bio-nanocomposites (Dy2O3/CuFe3O4/CS) were prepared using a citrate sol-gel route for biomedical settings at large and drug delivery, in particular. The chemical structure, average crystallite size, and surface morphology of Dy2O3/CuFe3O4/CS bio-nanocomposites were characterized using spectroscopic techniques, including FT-IR, PXRD, and SEM. The prepared nano composite's drug loading or release kinetics were investigated by FT-IR, zeta potential (ZP), and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). In the FT-IR spectrum, the peaks in the range of 800-400 cm-1 confirmed the formation of meta-oxides, while amide bands at 1661 and 1638 cm-1 revealed the existence of CS in the bio-nanocomposite. The peaks at 2θ = 35.46 and 28.5, 39.4 indicated the presence and chemical interaction of Dy2O3 and CuFe3O4, respectively. The crystallite size was <20 nm. The model drug used in the loading and in vitro release assays was ciprofloxacin hydrochloride. Ciprofloxacin's CF stretch caused a modest peak to be seen at 1082 cm-1 and changed in zeta potential value from 7.90 mV to 8.88 mV endorsing that the drug had been loaded onto the nanomaterial. The loading efficiency (%) of CIP onto the composite was from 25 to 30 %, calculated from optical density measurements. Different kinetic models, such as zero-order, first-order, Higuchi, Hixon-Crowell, and Korsmeyer-Peppas, were determined to confirm the drug release mechanism. The percent (%) of drug release from the surface of Dy2O3/CuFe3O4/CS in PBS (pH 7.4), acidic (pH 2.2) and basic (pH 9.4) dissolution media were found to be 70, 28 and 20 %, respectively. Drug kinetics showed that mainly the release is fickian type followed "Fick's law of diffusion", slightly deviated from fickian release (dissolution-dependent system). Korsmeyer-Peppas (R2 0.9773, n < 0.4) and Higuchi's (R2 0.9846) models were the best for fitting controlled drug release data. The results revealed that the Dy2O3/CuFe3O4/CS bio-nanocomposite has good potential for a controlled drug delivery system.
3. [Pharmacovigilance update]
F Livio Rev Med Suisse. 2013 Jan 9;9(368):72-5.
Main pharmacovigilance updates in 2012 are reviewed here. Dabigatran: elderly patients with renal failure are at higher risk of bleeding. Dual renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade comprising aliskiren is harmful. Incretins: low risk of acute pancreatitis. Interaction between fusidic acid and statins: many reports of rhabdomyolysis. Interactions between boceprevir/telaprevir and antiretroviral therapies: complex, but manageable. Citalopram, ondansetron: maximum recommended doses are reduced. Atomoxetine: significant increase in blood pressure and heart rate in a fraction of exposed patients. Agomelatine: elevated liver enzymes are common. Fingolimod: bradycardia and heart blocks after first dose - stronger safety recommendations regarding use in patients with heart conditions and strengthened cardiovascular monitoring.
