1. Novel antimicrobial peptides isolated from the skin secretions of Hainan odorous frog, Odorrana hainanensis
Hui Wang, Zhijun Yu, Yuhong Hu, Fengjiao Li, Limeng Liu, Hongyuan Zheng, Hao Meng, Shujie Yang, Xiaolong Yang, Jingze Liu Peptides. 2012 Jun;35(2):285-90. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.03.007. Epub 2012 Mar 16.
Long time geographical isolation of Hainan Island from the China continent has resulted in appearance of many novel frog species. As one of them, Hainan odorous frog, Odorrana hainanensis possesses some special antimicrobial peptides distinct from those found in other Odorrana. In this study, three antimicrobial peptides have been purified and characterized from the skin secretion of O. hainanensis. With the similarity to the temporin family, two peptides are characterized by amidated C-terminals, so they are named as temporin-HN1 (AILTTLANWARKFL-NH(2)) and temporin-HN2 (NILNTIINLAKKIL-NH(2)). The third antimicrobial peptide belongs to the brevinin-1 family which is widely distributed in Eurasian ranids, and thus, it is named as brevinin-1HN1 (FLPLIASLAANFVPKIFCKITKKC). Furthermore, after sequencing 68 clones, eight cDNAs encoding antimicrobial peptide precursors were cloned from the skin-derived cDNA library of O. hainanensis. These eight cDNAs can encode seven mature antimicrobial peptides including the above three, as well as brevinin-1V, brevinin-2HS2, odorranain-A6, and odorranain-B1. Twelve different species of microorganisms were chosen, including Gram-positive, Gram-negative and fungi, to test the antimicrobial activities of temporin-HN1, temporin-HN2, brevinin-1HN1, brevinin-1V, and brevinin-2HS2. The result shows that, in addition to their activities against Gram-positive bacteria, temporin-HN1 and temporin-HN2 also possess activities against some Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. However, the two antimicrobial peptides, brevinin-1HN1 and brevinin-1V of the brevinin-1 family have stronger antimicrobial activities than temporin-HN1 and temporin-HN2 of the temporin family. Brevinin-1HN1 possesses activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923), Rhodococcus rhodochrous X15, and Slime mould 090223 at the concentration of 1.2 μM.
2. A novel antimicrobial peptide from amphibian skin secretions of Odorrana grahami
Qiaolin Che, Yu Zhou, Hailong Yang, Jianxu Li, Xueqing Xu, Ren Lai Peptides. 2008 Apr;29(4):529-35. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2008.01.004. Epub 2008 Jan 17.
A novel antimicrobial peptide named odorranain-NR was identified from skin secretions of the diskless odorous frog, Odorrana grahami. It is composed of 23 amino acids with an amino acid sequence of GLLSGILGAGKHIVCGLTGCAKA. Odorranain-NR was classified into a novel family of antimicrobial peptide although it shared similarity with amphibian antimicrobial peptide family of nigrocin. Odorranain-NR has an unusual intramolecular disulfide-bridged hexapeptide segment that is different from the intramolecular disulfide-bridged heptapeptide segment at the C-terminal end of nigrocins. Furthermore, the -AKA fragment at the C-terminal of odorranain-NR is also different from nigrocins. Three different cDNAs encoding two odorranain-NR precursors and only one mature odorranain-NR was cloned from the cDNA library of the skin of O. grahami. This peptide showed antimicrobial activities against tested microorganisms except Escherichia coli (ATCC25922). Its antimicrobial mechanisms were investigated by transmission electron microcopy. Odorranain-NR exerted its antimicrobial functions by various means depending on different microorganisms.
