1. A Vegan Diet Is Associated with a Significant Reduction in Dietary Acid Load: Post Hoc Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial in Healthy Individuals
Alexander Müller, Amy Marisa Zimmermann-Klemd, Ann-Kathrin Lederer, Luciana Hannibal, Stefanie Kowarschik, Roman Huber, Maximilian Andreas Storz Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Sep 23;18(19):9998. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18199998.
The composition of diet strongly affects acid-base homeostasis. Western diets abundant in acidogenic foods (meat and cheese) and deficient in alkalizing foods (fruits and vegetables) increase dietary acid load (DAL). A high DAL has been associated with numerous health repercussions, including cardiovascular disease and type-2-diabetes. Plant-based diets have been associated with a lower DAL; however, the number of trials exploring this association is limited. This randomized-controlled trial sought to examine whether an isocaloric vegan diet lowers DAL as compared to a meat-rich diet. Forty-five omnivorous individuals were randomly assigned to a vegan diet (n = 23) or a meat-rich diet (n = 22) for 4 weeks. DAL was determined using potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP) scores at baseline and after 3 and 4 weeks, respectively. After 3 weeks, median PRAL (-23.57 (23.87)) and mean NEAPR (12.85 ± 19.71) scores were significantly lower in the vegan group than in the meat-rich group (PRAL: 18.78 (21.04) and NEAPR: 60.93 ± 15.51, respectively). Effects were mediated by a lower phosphorus and protein intake in the vegan group. Our study suggests that a vegan diet is a potential means to reduce DAL, whereas a meat-rich diet substantially increases the DAL burden.
2. Structure of 4-carboxy-2-nitrobenzeneboronic acid
S Soundararajan, E N Duesler, J H Hageman Acta Crystallogr C. 1993 Apr 15;49 ( Pt 4):690-3. doi: 10.1107/s0108270192010916.
4-(Dihydroxyboryl)-3-nitrobenzoic acid, C7H6BNO6, M(r) = 210.94, monoclinic, P2(1)/n, a = 10.542 (2), b = 6.411 (1), c = 13.105 (4) A, beta = 106.47 (2) degrees, V = 849.3 (4) A3, Z = 4, Dm = 1.65 (flotation in CCl4/1,2-dibromoethane), Dx = 1.649 Mg m-3, lambda(Mo K alpha) = 0.71073 A, mu = 0.135 mm-1, F(000) = 432, T = 293 K, R = 0.0530 for 1328 observed reflections with F > 2 sigma(F). The molecule is flat [the carboxy and nitro groups are rotated 5.8 (4) and 1.9 (4) degrees, respectively, out of the plane] with the boronic acid group almost normal to the plane of the benzene ring, 92.4 (3) degrees. The B atom and one O atom of the nitro group are separated by only 2.457 (4) A implying an interaction that is consistent with observed chemical behavior.
3. Chiral Phosphoric Acid Catalyzed Enantioselective Desymmetrization of 1,4-Dihydropyridines by C(sp3 )-H Bromination
Min Han, Shi-Qi Zhang, Xin Cui, Qi-Wei Wang, Guang-Xun Li, Zhuo Tang Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2022 May 23;61(22):e202201418. doi: 10.1002/anie.202201418. Epub 2022 Mar 31.
Described herein is the enantioselective synthesis of Hantzsch-type 1,4-dihydropyridines (DHPs), which are frequently contained in pharmaceuticals. Readily available symmetrical 1,4-DHPs were used as substrates, and the methyl group at the 2- or 6-position of the 1,4-DHP was selectively monobrominated by desymmetrizing enantioselective bromination. The inert C-H bond was converted into a versatile C-Br bond, which guaranteed the modification of the chiral 1,4-DHP derivatives with high efficiency. Furthermore, axially chiral 4-aryl pyridines were accessible by central-to-axial chirality conversion.
