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Urocortin (human)

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Urocortin (human) is a neuropeptide hormone that acts as an endogenous CRF agonist (Ki = 0.4, 0.3 and 0.5 nM for hCRF1, rCRF2α and mCRF2β, respectively).

Category

Peptide Inhibitors

Catalog number

BAT-010651

CAS number

176591-49-4

Molecular Formula

C204H337N63O64

Molecular Weight

4696.29

Specification
Reference Reading

IUPAC Name

4-[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[5-amino-2-[[2-[[5-amino-2-[[2-[[2-[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[1-[4-amino-2-[(2-amino-3-carboxypropanoyl)amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]propanoylamino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]propanoylamino]-5-[[5-amino-1-[[4-amino-1-[[1-[[1-[[1-[[1-[[1-[[1-[(1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-carboxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-5-carbamimidamido-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1,4-dioxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1,5-dioxopentan-2-yl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid

Synonyms

Human urocortin; Human urocortin 1; Human urocortin I

Related CAS

171543-83-2 (rat)

Sequence

DNPSLSXDLXFHLLRXLLELARXQSQRERAEQNRXXFDSV

InChI

InChI=1S/C204H337N63O64/c1-28-100(20)154(262-191(323)140(90-271)257-180(312)127(75-96(12)13)247-189(321)138(88-269)259-192(324)141-52-42-70-267(141)199(331)136(83-146(210)279)255-163(295)111(205)81-150(286)287)193(325)254-135(85-152(290)291)185(317)246-129(77-98(16)17)187(319)266-159(107(27)274)198(330)253-131(79-109-45-35-32-36-46-109)181(313)248-132(80-110-86-222-91-228-110)183(315)245-126(74-95(10)11)178(310)243-124(72-93(6)7)176(308)235-116(51-41-69-227-204(220)221)174(306)265-158(106(26)273)197(329)251-128(76-97(14)15)179(311)244-125(73-94(8)9)177(309)239-122(58-64-149(284)285)170(302)242-123(71-92(4)5)175(307)230-104(24)161(293)231-114(49-39-67-225-202(216)217)173(305)264-157(105(25)272)196(328)241-119(55-61-144(208)277)171(303)256-137(87-268)188(320)240-117(53-59-142(206)275)166(298)234-113(48-38-66-224-201(214)215)165(297)238-121(57-63-148(282)283)168(300)233-112(47-37-65-223-200(212)213)164(296)229-103(23)162(294)232-120(56-62-147(280)281)167(299)237-118(54-60-143(207)276)169(301)249-133(82-145(209)278)184(316)236-115(50-40-68-226-203(218)219)172(304)261-156(102(22)30-3)195(327)263-155(101(21)29-2)194(326)252-130(78-108-43-33-31-34-44-108)182(314)250-134(84-151(288)289)186(318)258-139(89-270)190(322)260-153(99(18)19)160(211)292/h31-36,43-46,86,91-107,111-141,153-159,268-274H,28-30,37-42,47-85,87-90,205H2,1-27H3,(H2,206,275)(H2,207,276)(H2,208,277)(H2,209,278)(H2,210,279)(H2,211,292)(H,222,228)(H,229,296)(H,230,307)(H,231,293)(H,232,294)(H,233,300)(H,234,298)(H,235,308)(H,236,316)(H,237,299)(H,238,297)(H,239,309)(H,240,320)(H,241,328)(H,242,302)(H,243,310)(H,244,311)(H,245,315)(H,246,317)(H,247,321)(H,248,313)(H,249,301)(H,250,314)(H,251,329)(H,252,326)(H,253,330)(H,254,325)(H,255,295)(H,256,303)(H,257,312)(H,258,318)(H,259,324)(H,260,322)(H,261,304)(H,262,323)(H,263,327)(H,264,305)(H,265,306)(H,266,319)(H,280,281)(H,282,283)(H,284,285)(H,286,287)(H,288,289)(H,290,291)(H4,212,213,223)(H4,214,215,224)(H4,216,217,225)(H4,218,219,226)(H4,220,221,227)/t100-,101-,102-,103-,104-,105+,106+,107+,111-,112-,113-,114-,115-,116-,117-,118-,119-,120-,121-,122-,123-,124-,125-,126-,127-,128-,129-,130-,131-,132-,133-,134-,135-,136-,137-,138-,139-,140-,141-,153-,154-,155-,156-,157-,158-,159-/m0/s1

InChI Key

BIIOOWPFSOAZSO-WODJFTBTSA-N

Canonical SMILES

CCC(C)C(C(=O)NC(C(C)CC)C(=O)NC(CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)NC(CC(=O)O)C(=O)NC(CO)C(=O)NC(C(C)C)C(=O)N)NC(=O)C(CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)C(CC(=O)N)NC(=O)C(CCC(=O)N)NC(=O)C(CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)C(C)NC(=O)C(CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)C(CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)C(CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)C(CCC(=O)N)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C(CCC(=O)N)NC(=O)C(C(C)O)NC(=O)C(CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)C(C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(C(C)O)NC(=O)C(CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC2=CNC=N2)NC(=O)C(CC3=CC=CC=C3)NC(=O)C(C(C)O)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(=O)O)NC(=O)C(C(C)CC)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CO)NC(=O)C4CCCN4C(=O)C(CC(=O)N)NC(=O)C(CC(=O)O)N

1. Urocortins in human reproduction

Felice Petraglia, Pasquale Florio, Wylie Vale Peptides . 2004 Oct;25(10):1751-7. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2004.05.026.

Data on biological effects and localization of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), a neuropeptide structurally and biologically related to urocortins, have triggered the study on expression of urocortins and their function in human reproductive tissues. Ovary, endometrium, placenta and fetal membranes (amnion and chorion), myometrium, and prostate are sources of urocortin 1 and, they also express urocortin binding sites (receptors and CRF-binding protein), thus suggesting that these tissues are also targets of urocortin 1. The current concept thus is that urocortin 1 may affect the physiology of human reproduction through paracrine/autocrine actions. In particular, in vitro data have shown that urocortin 1 plays a major role in human placenta: it stimulates the secretion of ACTH, prostaglandins and activin A from cultured human placental cells, and regulates placental vessel resistance to blood flow. Furthermore, when incubated in myometrial strips, urocortins stimulate uterine contractility, by activating specific intracellular pathways. Taken together, these findings do suggest an important role of urocortins in the physiology of pregnancy and parturition.

2. Characterising the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) receptors mediating CRH and urocortin actions during human pregnancy and labour

D K Grammatopoulos, E W Hillhouse Stress . 2001 Dec;4(4):235-46. doi: 10.3109/10253890109014748.

The mechanism of human labour remains unresolved. One of the most important regulatory signals, however, appears to be corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), a hypothalamic peptide that controls the body's response to stress, which is also produced by the placenta and intrauterine tissues during pregnancy. CRH belongs to a family of peptides that includes urocortin, which shares sequence homology with CRH and is also expressed by the placenta and intrauterine tissues. During human pregnancy circulating CRH appears to have five main target tissues: the myometrium, the placenta, the fetal membranes, the fetal adrenal cortex and the vasculature. In these tissues CRH plays a role in the control of myometrial contractility,placenta vasodilation, peptide and prostaglandin production and adrenal steroidogenesis and probably many more, yet unidentified processes. The actions of CRH in these tissues are mediated via specific G-protein coupled membrane-bound receptors. These receptors have different functional characteristics, depending on where they are expressed and on the stage of pregnancy. In addition, their function depends upon other intracellular signals via communication between signalling cascades. These findings led us to propose a hypothesis for a dual role of CRH and other CRH-like peptides during pregnancy and labour.

3. Structural insights into preinitiation complex assembly on core promoters

Jiabei Li, Weida Liu, Haifeng Hou, Zishuo Yu, Mo Wang, Ze Li, Yan Li, Yulei Ren, Xizi Chen, Huirong Yang, Xinxin Wang, Yanhui Xu, Dan Zhao, Zihan Wu, Yilun Qi Science . 2021 Apr 30;372(6541):eaba8490. doi: 10.1126/science.aba8490.

Transcription factor IID (TFIID) recognizes core promoters and supports preinitiation complex (PIC) assembly for RNA polymerase II (Pol II)-mediated eukaryotic transcription. We determined the structures of human TFIID-based PIC in three stepwise assembly states and revealed two-track PIC assembly: stepwise promoter deposition to Pol II and extensive modular reorganization on track I (on TATA-TFIID-binding element promoters) versus direct promoter deposition on track II (on TATA-only and TATA-less promoters). The two tracks converge at an ~50-subunit holo PIC in identical conformation, whereby TFIID stabilizes PIC organization and supports loading of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-activating kinase (CAK) onto Pol II and CAK-mediated phosphorylation of the Pol II carboxyl-terminal domain. Unexpectedly, TBP of TFIID similarly bends TATA box and TATA-less promoters in PIC. Our study provides structural visualization of stepwise PIC assembly on highly diversified promoters.