Z-VDVAD-FMK
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Z-VDVAD-FMK

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Z-VDVAD-FMK is a cell-permeant and irreversible caspase-2 inhibitor and can inhibits apoptosis in various cell lines.

Category
Peptide Inhibitors
Catalog number
BAT-010375
CAS number
210344-92-6
Molecular Formula
C32H46FN5O11
Molecular Weight
695.74
Z-VDVAD-FMK
Size Price Stock Quantity
50 mg $1099 In stock
IUPAC Name
methyl (3S)-5-fluoro-3-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-4-methoxy-2-[[(2S)-3-methyl-2-(phenylmethoxycarbonylamino)butanoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-4-oxopentanoate
Synonyms
Z-VD(OMe)VAD(OMe)-FMK; Z-Val-Asp(OMe)-Val-Ala-Asp(OMe)-fluoromethyl ketone; benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Asp(OMe)-Val-Ala-Asp(OMe)-fluoromethylketone; L-Alaninamide, N-[(phenylmethoxy)carbonyl]-L-valyl-L-|A-aspartyl-L-valyl-N-[(1S)-3-fluoro-1-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)-2-oxopropyl]-, methyl ester; Z-Val-Asp(OMe)-Val-Ala-Asp(OMe)-FMK
Appearance
White Powder
Purity
≥95%
Density
1.2±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point
980.1±65.0°C at 760 mmHg
Sequence
Cbz-Val-Asp(OMe)-Val-Ala-Asp(OMe)-FMK
Storage
Store at -20°C
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO, DMF
InChI
InChI=1S/C32H46FN5O11/c1-17(2)26(30(44)34-19(5)28(42)35-21(23(39)15-33)13-24(40)47-6)37-29(43)22(14-25(41)48-7)36-31(45)27(18(3)4)38-32(46)49-16-20-11-9-8-10-12-20/h8-12,17-19,21-22,26-27H,13-16H2,1-7H3,(H,34,44)(H,35,42)(H,36,45)(H,37,43)(H,38,46)/t19-,21-,22-,26-,27-/m0/s1
InChI Key
ANTIWMNLIROOQF-IREHUOSBSA-N
Canonical SMILES
CC(C)C(C(=O)NC(C)C(=O)NC(CC(=O)OC)C(=O)CF)NC(=O)C(CC(=O)OC)NC(=O)C(C(C)C)NC(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1
1. Doxorubicin treatment activates a Z-VAD-sensitive caspase, which causes deltapsim loss, caspase-9 activity, and apoptosis in Jurkat cells
D Johnson, A Piñeiro, P Lasierra, P Pérez-Galán, J Naval, S Gamen, A Anel Exp Cell Res . 2000 Jul 10;258(1):223-35. doi: 10.1006/excr.2000.4924.
Doxorubicin induces caspase-3 activation and apoptosis in Jurkat cells but inhibition of this enzyme did not prevent cell death, suggesting that another caspase(s) is critically implicated. Western blot analysis of cell extracts indicated that caspases 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 were activated by doxorubicin. Cotreatment of cells with the caspase inhibitors Ac-DEVD-CHO, Z-VDVAD-fmk, Z-IETD-fmk, and Z-LEHD-fmk alone or in combination, or overexpression of CrmA, prevented many morphological features of apoptosis but not loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (delta(psi)m), phospatidilserine exposure, and cell death. Western blot analysis of cells treated with doxorubicin in the presence of inhibitors allowed elucidation of the sequential order of caspase activation. Z-IETD-fmk or Z-LEHD-fmk, which inhibit caspase-9 activity, blocked the activation of all caspases studied, lamin B degradation, and the development of apoptotic morphology, but not cell death. All morphological and biochemical features of apoptosis, as well as cell death, were prevented by cotreatment of cells with the general caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-fmk or by overexpression of Bcl-2. Doxorubicin cytotoxicity was also blocked by the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. Delayed addition of Z-VAD-fmk after doxorubicin treatment, but prior to the appearance of cells displaying a low delta(psi)m, prevented cell death. These results, taken together, suggest that the key mediator of doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in Jurkat cells may be an inducible, Z-VAD-sensitive caspase (caspase-X), which would cause delta(psi)m loss, release of apoptogenic factors from mitochondria, and cell death.
2. Sequential caspase-2 and caspase-8 activation is essential for saikosaponin a-induced apoptosis of human colon carcinoma cell lines
Byeong Mo Kim, Sung Hee Hong Apoptosis . 2011 Feb;16(2):184-97. doi: 10.1007/s10495-010-0557-x.
In this study, we investigated the signaling pathways implicated in SSa-induced apoptosis of human colon carcinoma (HCC) cell lines. SSa-induced apoptosis of HCC cells was associated with proteolytic activation of caspase-9, caspase-3, and PARP cleavages and decreased levels of IAP family members, such as XIAP and c-IAP-2, but not of survivin. The fluorescence intensity of DiOC6 was significantly reduced after SSa treatment. CsA significantly inhibited SSa-induced loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential and moderately inhibited SSa-induced cell death. SSa treatment also enhanced the activities of caspase-2 and caspase-8, Bid cleavage, and the conformational activation of Bax. Additionally, SSa-induced apoptosis was inhibited by both the selective caspase-2 inhibitor z-VDVAD-fmk and the selective caspase-8 inhibitor z-IETD-fmk and also by si-RNAs against caspase-2 and caspase-8. The selective caspase-9 inhibitor, z-LEHD-fmk, also inhibited SSa-induced apoptosis, albeit to a lesser extent compared to z-VDVAD-fmk and z-IETD-fmk, indicating that both mitochondria-dependent and mitochondria-independent pathways are associated with SSa-induced apoptosis. Both z-VDVAD-fmk and z-IETD-fmk significantly attenuated the colony-inhibiting effect of SSa. Moreover, inhibition of caspase-2 activation by the pharmacological inhibitor z-VDVAD-fmk, or by knockdown of protein levels using a si-RNA, suppressed SSa-induced caspase-8 activation, Bid cleavage, and the conformational activation of Bax. Although caspase-8 is an initiator caspase like caspase-2, the inhibition of caspase-8 activation by knockdown using a si-RNA did not suppress SSa-induced caspase-2 activation. Altogether, our results suggest that sequential activation of caspase-2 and caspase-8 is a critical step in SSa-induced apoptosis.
3. Specific inhibition of caspase-8 and -9 in CHO cells enhances cell viability in batch and fed-batch cultures
Allyson S C Soon, Joong Jiat Teo, Sing Fee Lim, Zhiwei Song, Kok Hwee Chuan, Chee Yong Yun, Tianhua Wang, Beatrice Y F Chung, Sen Liu, Keng Siong Goh Metab Eng . 2007 Sep-Nov;9(5-6):406-18. doi: 10.1016/j.ymben.2007.06.001.
In an attempt to investigate the molecular mechanism that leads to apoptotic death in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells in batch and fed-batch cultures, we cloned caspase-2, -8 and -9 from a CHO cDNA library. Recombinant Chinese hamster caspase-2 and -9 expressed in Escherichia coli show highest activities towards commercial peptide substrates Ac-VDVAD-pNA and Ac-LEHD-pNA, the designated commercial substrates for human caspase-2 and -9, respectively. However, Chinese hamster caspase-8 shows a broad specificity profile and it cleaves the caspase-9 substrate more efficiently than it cleaves the caspase-8 substrate. The commercially available fluoromethyl ketone type of caspase inhibitors, such as Z-LEHD-fmk, Z-IETD-fmk, Z-VDVAD-fmk and Z-DEVD-fmk, were shown to completely lack specificity in inhibiting these caspases. The reversible aldehyde form of inhibitors for human caspase-8 and -9, Ac-LEHD-CHO and Ac-IETD-CHO, are equally efficient in inhibiting Chinese hamster caspase-8. Therefore, the wildly used method of utilizing the "caspase-specific" inhibitors to track the role of individual caspases in dying cells can be inaccurate and thus misleading. As an alternative, we stably expressed dominant negative (DN) mutants of Chinese hamster caspase-2, -8 and -9 to specifically inhibit these enzymes in CHO cells. Our results showed that inhibition of either endogenous caspase-8 or caspase-9 enhanced the viability of the CHO cells in both batch and fed-batch suspension cultures, but the inhibition of caspase-2 had minimal effects. These results suggest that caspase-8 and -9 are possibly involved in the apoptotic cell death in batch and fed-batch cultures of CHO cells, whereas caspase-2 is not. These findings can be valuable in the development of strategies for genetically engineering CHO cells to counter apoptotic death in batch and fed-batch cultures.
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