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Technical Articles

BOC Sciences provides technical articles related to amino acids, peptides, and peptide nucleic acids (PNA).

Amino Acids

Amino acids,a class of organic compounds that contain amino and carboxyl groups are one of the many biologically active macromolecules that build biological organisms, and are the basic materials for building cells and repairing tissues. With a variety of special functional groups and diverse structures, amino acids have a wide range of applications in pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic and other fields.

Amino Acid Analysis Technology

Amino acid analysis techniques include paper chromatography and thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, high performance anion exchange chromatography-integrated pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-IPA), etc.ric detection (HPAEC-IPA), etc.

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Amino Acid Synthesis Technology and Industry Trend

Amino acids have been widely used in industrialized production, covering multiple industries such as food and health care, medicine, agriculture, and animal husbandry. In industry, amino acid synthesis methods are mainly divided into the following types: enzymatic method, extraction method, chemical synthesis method, fermentation method, etc.

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Bioorthogonal Non-canonical Amino Acid Tagging (BONCAT)

Bioorthogonal non-canonical amino acid tagging (BONCAT), based on intracellular introducing orthogonal chemoselective groups of small molecules, can realize specifically labeling, qualitative and quantitative analysis of newly translated proteins. etc.

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Development and Classification of Peptide Synthetic Reagents

According to their molecular structure, peptide synthetic reagents can be roughly divided into carbodiimides, phosphonium salts, uronium salts, organophosphorus, and other types of coupling reagents. Among them, carbodiimides, uronium salts, and phosphonium salts are the major three categories. Carbodiimides are first developed and most commonly used while uronium salts and phosphonium salts perform best with wide applications.

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Cell-Targeting Peptides (CTPs)

Cell-targeting peptides are short peptides that specifically bind to receptors on the surface of specific types of cells and facilitate the targeted delivery of drug molecules, or other therapeutic molecules to these cells. These peptides are able to selectively recognize specific cells, thereby increasing the targeting of therapeutic molecules and the efficacy of drugs while reducing adverse effects on healthy cells.

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Unnatural Amino Acids in ADCs

The addition of non-canonical amino acids (ncAAs) offers a new possibility for site-specific conjugation. It requires the recombination of antibody sequences and the use of tRNAs and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) that are orthogonal to all endogenous tRNAs and synthetases in host cells to respond to unassigned codons for inserting ncAAs into proteins.

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Peptide Nucleic Acid in Antiviral Therapy

Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) is a class of oligonucleotide analogs with a peptide backbone. Based on PNA's sequence specificity, it can selectively regulate the virus lifecycle at the genetic level, thereby effectively inhibiting the virus's survival and replication in host cells.

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Activity-Based Protein Profiling for Amino Acid Reactivity Characterization

Activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) technology has shown significant potential in the characterization of amino acid reactivity, which will aid in the discovery of new drug targets and the development of lead compounds.

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The Role of Chemical Modifications in the Oral Peptide Development

The production of orally active peptides requires a dual optimization process: 1) optimization of affinity and selectivity, and 2) optimization of oral efficacy. Chemical modifications of peptides have a significant impact on achieving the development of oral formulations.

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γPNA: A Novel and Efficient Peptide Nucleic Acid

Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) is a synthetic analog of DNA with a peptide-like backbone. Introducing chiral functional groups at the γ-position in the PNA backbone allows for the formation of a right-handed helical structure, significantly enhancing its hybridization properties with target DNA/RNA.

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Application of Peptide Nucleic Acids in Microbial Diagnosis

Peptide nucleic acid probes generally refer to short oligonucleotides of specific sequences consisting of 13-18 bases. Their base pairing is highly specific, allowing distinction between different nucleic acid sequences through single-base mismatches.

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Classification and Enzymatic Synthesis of Non-Ribosomal Peptides

The framework of non-ribosomal peptides (NRPs) is catalyzed by non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs), and its assembly process includes loading of structural units, peptide chain elongation and modifications. NRPSs can hybridize with various biosynthetic pathways to form more complex structural types.

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