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Fmoc-α-Me-Glu(OtBu)-OH

Name: Fmoc-α-Me-Glu(OtBu)-OH
Brand: BOC Sciences
Rating: 5 (1 reviews)

* Please kindly note that our products are not to be used for therapeutic purposes and cannot be sold to patients.

Category

Fmoc-Amino Acids

Catalog number

BAT-008554

CAS number

1072845-48-7

Molecular Formula

C25H29NO6

Molecular Weight

439.5

IUPAC Name

(2R)-2-(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonylamino)-2-methyl-5-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-5-oxopentanoic acid

Synonyms

Fmoc-D-aMeGlu(OtBu)-OH; Fmoc-alpha-Me-Glu(OtBu)-OH

Boiling Point

635.9±55.0 °C(Predicted)

InChI

InChI=1S/C25H29NO6/c1-24(2,3)32-21(27)13-14-25(4,22(28)29)26-23(30)31-15-20-18-11-7-5-9-16(18)17-10-6-8-12-19(17)20/h5-12,20H,13-15H2,1-4H3,(H,26,30)(H,28,29)/t25-/m0/s1

InChI Key

VQJPOKXHUZJEJQ-VWLOTQADSA-N

Canonical SMILES

CC(C)(C)OC(=O)CCC(C)(C(=O)O)NC(=O)OCC1C2=CC=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C13

Fmoc-α-Me-Glu(OtBu)-OH is a modified derivative of glutamic acid in which the α-amino group is protected by a 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) group, while the γ-carboxyl group is esterified with a tert-butyl (OtBu) group. Additionally, the α-carbon is substituted with a methyl group (α-Me), which alters the properties of the compound compared to the natural L-glutamic acid. The Fmoc protection allows for selective deprotection under basic conditions, which is commonly used in peptide synthesis to facilitate the assembly of peptides containing modified glutamic acid residues.

One primary application of Fmoc-α-Me-Glu(OtBu)-OH is in peptide synthesis, specifically for incorporating modified glutamic acid residues into peptides. The α-methyl substitution provides a structural modification that can impact the peptide's stability, conformation, and biological activity. The Fmoc group allows for controlled and efficient deprotection, facilitating the stepwise elongation of peptides. Peptides containing α-methyl glutamic acid residues are useful for studying how small structural modifications affect peptide folding and interactions, and are often used in drug development and protein engineering.

Another significant application of Fmoc-α-Me-Glu(OtBu)-OH is in the design of cyclic peptides. The methyl group on the α-carbon helps stabilize the peptide structure, providing resistance to enzymatic degradation. By incorporating Fmoc-α-Me-Glu(OtBu)-OH into cyclic peptide structures, researchers can enhance the stability and bioactivity of the peptides. These cyclic peptides are often designed to mimic protein-protein interactions, serve as enzyme inhibitors, or target specific receptors, making them valuable in drug discovery, particularly for therapeutic applications in cancer, autoimmune diseases, and metabolic disorders.

Fmoc-α-Me-Glu(OtBu)-OH is also employed in the creation of peptide-based conjugates. The tert-butyl ester group at the γ-carboxyl position offers a stable and easily removable protecting group that prevents premature reactions during peptide synthesis. This functionality allows for the conjugation of peptides to various molecules, such as drugs, antibodies, or nanoparticles, to create targeted drug delivery systems. The incorporation of α-methyl glutamic acid residues into peptide conjugates can enhance their pharmacokinetic properties, such as stability and solubility, while improving their selectivity for specific targets.

Lastly, Fmoc-α-Me-Glu(OtBu)-OH is useful in studying the effects of α-methyl substitutions on peptide function and interactions. The modification of the glutamic acid residue with an α-methyl group alters its steric properties and can influence the peptide's binding affinity, stability, and overall biological activity. These modified peptides are valuable for probing the structural and functional implications of small changes in amino acid composition, making them important tools in the development of new therapeutic agents and in-depth studies of protein function and interactions.

1. New t-butyl based aspartate protecting groups preventing aspartimide formation in Fmoc SPPS

Raymond Behrendt, Simon Huber, Roger Martí, Peter White J Pept Sci. 2015 Aug;21(8):680-7. doi: 10.1002/psc.2790. Epub 2015 Jun 15.

Obtaining homogenous aspartyl-containing peptides via Fmoc/tBu chemistry is often an insurmountable obstacle. A generic solution for this issue utilising an optimised side-chain protection strategy that minimises aspartimide formation would therefore be most desirable. To this end, we developed the following new derivatives: Fmoc-Asp(OEpe)-OH (Epe = 3-ethyl-3-pentyl), Fmoc-Asp(OPhp)-OH (Php = 4-n-propyl-4-heptyl) and Fmoc-Asp(OBno)-OH (Bno = 5-n-butyl-5-nonyl). We have compared their effectiveness against that of Fmoc-Asp(OtBu)-OH and Fmoc-Asp(OMpe)-OH in the well-established scorpion toxin II model peptide variants H-Val-Lys-Asp-Asn/Arg-Tyr-Ile-OH by treatments of the peptidyl resins with the Fmoc removal reagents containing piperidine and DBU at both room and elevated temperatures. The new derivatives proved to be extremely effective in minimising aspartimide by-products in each application.

2. Synthesis of complex head-to-side-chain cyclodepsipeptides

Marta Pelay-Gimeno, Fernando Albericio, Judit Tulla-Puche Nat Protoc. 2016 Oct;11(10):1924-1947. doi: 10.1038/nprot.2016.116. Epub 2016 Sep 15.

Cyclodepsipeptides are cyclic peptides in which at least one amide link on the backbone is replaced with an ester link. These natural products present a high structural diversity that corresponds to a broad range of biological activities. Therefore, they are very promising pharmaceutical candidates. Most of the cyclodepsipeptides have been isolated from marine organisms, but they can also originate from terrestrial sources. Within the family of cyclodepsipeptides, 'head-to-side-chain' cyclodepsipeptides have, in addition to the macrocyclic core closed by the ester bond, an arm terminated with a polyketide moiety or a branched amino acid, which makes their synthesis a challenge. This protocol provides guidelines for the synthesis of 'head-to-side-chain cyclodepsipeptides' and includes-as an example-a detailed procedure for preparing pipecolidepsin A. Pipecolidepsin was chosen because it is a very complex 'head-to-side-chain cyclodepsipeptide' of marine origin that shows cytotoxicity in several human cancer cell lines. The procedure begins with the synthesis of the noncommercial protected amino acids (2R,3R,4R)-2-{[(9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy]carbonylamino}-3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethylhexanoic acid (Fmoc-AHDMHA-OH), Alloc-pipecolic-OH, (4R,5R)-5-((((9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonylamino)-4-oxo-4-(tritylamino)butyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane-4-carboxylic acid (Fmoc-DADHOHA(acetonide, Trt))-OH and the pseudodipeptide (2R,3R,4R)-3-hydroxy-2,4,6-trimethylheptanoic acid ((HTMHA)-D-Asp(OtBu)-OH). It details the assembly of the depsipeptidic skeleton using a fully solid-phase approach (typically on an amino polystyrene resin coupled to 3-(4-hydroxymethylphenoxy)propionic acid (AB linker)), including the key ester formation step. It concludes by describing the macrocyclization step performed on solid phase, and the global deprotection and cleavage of the cyclodepsipeptide from the resin using a trifluoroacetic acid-H2O-triisopropylsilane (TFA-H2O-TIS; 95:2.5:2.5) cocktail, as well as the final purification by semipreparative HPLC. The entire procedure takes ~2 months to complete.

3. Solid-Phase Total Synthesis of Bacitracin A

Jinho Lee, John H. Griffin, Thalia I. Nicas J Org Chem. 1996 Jun 14;61(12):3983-3986. doi: 10.1021/jo960580b.

An efficient solid-phase method for the total synthesis of bacitracin A is reported. This work was undertaken in order to provide a general means of probing the intriguing mode of action of the bacitracins and exploring their potential for use against emerging drug-resistant pathogens. The synthetic approach to bacitracin A involves three key features: (1) linkage to the solid support through the side chain of the L-asparaginyl residue at position 12 (L-Asn(12)), (2) cyclization through amide bond formation between the alpha-carboxyl of L-Asn(12) and the side chain amino group of L-Lys(8), and (3) postcyclization addition of the N-terminal thiazoline dipeptide as a single unit. To initiate the synthesis, Fmoc L-Asp(OH)-OAllyl was attached to a PAL resin. The chain of bacitracin A was elaborated in the C-to-N direction by sequential piperidine deprotection/HBTU-mediated coupling cycles with Fmoc D-Asp(OtBu)-OH, Fmoc L-His(Trt)-OH, Fmoc D-Phe-OH, Fmoc L-Ile-OH, Fmoc D-Orn(Boc)-OH, Fmoc L-Lys(Aloc)-OH, Fmoc L-Ile-OH, Fmoc D-Glu(OtBu)-OH, and Fmoc L-Leu-OH. The allyl ester and allyl carbamate protecting groups of L-Asn(12) and L-Lys(8), respectively, were simultaneously and selectively removed by treating the peptide-resin with palladium tetrakis(triphenylphosphine), acetic acid, and triethylamine. Cyclization was effected by PyBOP/HOBT under the pseudo high-dilution conditions afforded by attachment to the solid support. After removal of the N-terminal Fmoc group, the cyclized peptide was coupled with 2-[1'(S)-(tert-butyloxycarbonylamino)-2'(R)-methylbutyl]-4(R)-carboxy-Delta(2)-thiazoline (1). The synthetic peptide was deprotected and cleaved from the solid support under acidic conditions and then purified by reverse-phase HPLC. The synthetic material exhibited an ion in the FAB-MS at m/z 1422.7, consistent with the molecular weight calculated for the parent ion of bacitracin A (MH(+) = C(73)H(84)N(10)O(23)Cl(2), 1422.7 g/mol). It was also indistinguishable from authentic bacitracin A by high-field (1)H NMR and displayed antibacterial activity equal to that of the natural product, thus confirming its identity as bacitracin A. The overall yield for the solid-phase synthesis was 24%.